Sulfation of Aegle marmelos gum: Synthesis, physico-chemical and functional characterization

• Published in: Carbohydrate polymers 2013-02, Vol.92 (2), p.1660-1668
• Main Authors: Jindal, Manish, Rana, Vikas, Kumar, Vineet, Singh, Ram S., Kennedy, John F., Tiwary, Ashok K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aegle - chemistry; Aegle marmelos; Aegle marmelos gum; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemical synthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial agents; Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents; anticoagulant activity; Applied sciences; Bacteria - drug effects; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Coagulation - drug effects; Blood. Blood coagulation. Reticuloendothelial system; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; cohesion; drug formulations; drugs; Exact sciences and technology; firmness; Food; food quality; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; fruits; FTIR-ATR; Medical sciences; Natural polymers; NMR; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Physicochemistry of polymers; Polysaccharides - chemical synthesis; Polysaccharides - chemistry; Polysaccharides - pharmacology; pyridines; Rheology; sodium alginate; Starch and polysaccharides; Sulfates - chemistry; Sulfation; Swelling index; temperature; Texture analysis; viscosity; zeta potential
• ISSN: 0144-8617; 1879-1344
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.032

► Ratio of CSA:Pyr was found to exert maximum influence on the degree of substitution ► FTIR-ATR and NMR studies confirmed sulfation to have occurred in the gum. ► sBFG2 gave higher swelling in both acidic and alkaline pH. ► sBFG2 was superior firmness, cohesiveness, consistency and index of viscosity. ► sBFG2 exhibited greater viscosity and work of shear. The present investigation was aimed at optimizing the conditions for preparing sulfated derivative of gum obtained from partially ripe fruits of Aegle marmelos. Elemental analysis, FTIR-ATR and NMR studies confirmed successful sulfation. The ratio of chlorosulfonic acid to pyridine exerted maximum influence on the degree of substitution followed by reaction temperature and reaction time. The sulfated derivative showed higher swelling in both acidic and alkaline pH as compared to unmodified gum. It also possessed higher negative zeta potential, higher viscosity, work of shear, firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity as compared to both unmodified gum as well as sodium alginate. Sulfated derivative was superior to unmodified gum and sodium alginate in terms of antimicrobial and anticoagulant activity. The sulfated sample appears to be a potential substitute over the unmodified gum sample and sodium alginate for modulating physicochemical properties of food and drug release dosage forms.