Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II)

Although the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), published in 1995, has demonstrated validity and reliability in multiple studies, the scale has received some criticisms leading to revisions herein described. The objective of the present studies was to examine the construct validity and reliability of a r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychology of sport and exercise 2013-05, Vol.14 (3), p.329-341
Main Authors: Pelletier, Luc G., Rocchi, Meredith A., Vallerand, Robert J., Deci, Edward L., Ryan, Richard M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Athletes
Basketball (players)
Exercise
Integrated regulation
Internalization
Measurement
Motivation
Reliability
Scale validation
Self-determination theory
Sport motivation scale
Sport psychology
Validity
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Summary:Although the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), published in 1995, has demonstrated validity and reliability in multiple studies, the scale has received some criticisms leading to revisions herein described. The objective of the present studies was to examine the construct validity and reliability of a revised scale sport motivation scale (SMS-II). Two studies were conducted using distinct samples of athletes. Study 1 examined adult athletes participating in a variety of sports and Study 2 examined youth basketball players and swimmers. In Study 1 the SMS-II was introduced and featured various item content changes, a reduced number of items per subscale, the addition of an integrated regulation subscale, and the introduction of a single intrinsic motivation subscale to replace the three intrinsic motivation subscales in the SMS. Relations of SMS-II subscales with each other and with expected outcomes supported the new scale's validity. In Study 2, the structure of the SMS-II and its relations with outcomes were further examined. Results of factor analyses, tests for internal consistency, and correlations among the different subscales and between the subscales and several outcomes of interest, supported the validity of the SMS-II. Discussion focuses on the need for measurement improvement, and potential future directions for SMS-II research. ► A revised version of the sport motivation scale (SMS-II) is proposed. ► A shorter scale with 1 measure of intrinsic motivation and an integrated subscale. ► Validated with two distinct samples: adult athletes and youth athletes. ► Factor analyses, reliabilities, and correlations support scale structure. ► Results support the creation of the SMS-II.
ISSN:1469-0292
DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.12.002