Origin and abundance of marine litter along sandy beaches of the Turkish Western Black Sea Coast

• Published in: Marine environmental research 2013-04, Vol.85, p.21-28
• Main Authors: Topçu, Eda N., Tonay, Arda M., Dede, Ayhan, Öztürk, Ayaka A., Öztürk, Bayram
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Bathing Beaches - statistics & numerical data; Beaches; Biological and medical sciences; Black Sea; bottles; compliance; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Litter; Marine debris; Ocean dumping; Plastics; pollution; Pollution monitoring; Sea water ecosystems; shipping; surveys; Synecology; Turkey; Waste Products - classification; Waste Products - statistics & numerical data
• ISSN: 0141-1136; 1879-0291
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.12.006

Beach debris abundance was estimated from surveys on 10 beaches of the Turkish Western Black Sea Coast. Debris was collected from 20 m long transects during four different seasons; sorted and categorized by type, usage and origin. Litter density varied from 0.085 to 5.058 items m−2. Debris was mainly composed of unidentifiable small size (2–7 cm) plastic pieces and beverage-related litter such as bottles and bottle caps. About half of the labeled litter was of foreign origin, including 25 different countries, 23% of which are in the Black Sea region. The south-western Black Sea Coast seems to receive foreign litter from two main sources: land-based debris from the neighboring countries and seaborne debris due to international shipping. Standardized methodology and indicators need to be designated all over the Black Sea basin in order to quantify and qualify coastal litter pollution, monitor compliance with MARPOL and develop regionally effective mitigation measures. ► The Black Sea is vulnerable to marine litter due to intense coastal/shipping activity. ► The main source was land-based, but ≈ half of labeled litter was overseas. ► Coastal litter pollution in the Turkish Black Sea is a trans-boundary problem.