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Surgical hand hygiene: scrub or rub?

Summary Surgical hand hygiene is standard care prior to any surgical procedure. Per-operative glove punctures are observed in almost 30% of all interventions, and a risk factor for postoperative infections. In the past, washing hands with antimicrobial soap and water (surgical scrub) was the norm, m...

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Published in:	The Journal of hospital infection 2013-02, Vol.83, p.S35-S39
Main Author:	Widmer, A.F
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents Antiseptics Biological and medical sciences Chlorhexidine Disinfectants - administration & dosage Disinfection Epidemiology. Vaccinations Europe General aspects Hand antisepsis Hand hygiene Hand Hygiene - methods Humans Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Medical sciences Pharmacology. Drug treatments Preoperative Care - methods Surgical hand antisepsis Surgical preparation Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control Time Factors United States
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container_title	The Journal of hospital infection
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creator	Widmer, A.F
description	Summary Surgical hand hygiene is standard care prior to any surgical procedure. Per-operative glove punctures are observed in almost 30% of all interventions, and a risk factor for postoperative infections. In the past, washing hands with antimicrobial soap and water (surgical scrub) was the norm, mainly with chlorhexidine or iodine. More recently, alcohol-based hand rub has been successfully introduced, showing greater effectiveness, less irritation to the hands, and requiring less time than washing hands. All products should have a remnant effect that delays microbial growth under the gloved hand. Some of the alcohol-based compounds are effective (as determined by the European Norm EN 12791) within 90 s whereas others require 3–5 min, similar to the scrub. The short procedure relies heavily on proper technique and timing, since lowering the exposure time to
doi_str_mv	10.1016/S0195-6701(13)60008-0
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Per-operative glove punctures are observed in almost 30% of all interventions, and a risk factor for postoperative infections. In the past, washing hands with antimicrobial soap and water (surgical scrub) was the norm, mainly with chlorhexidine or iodine. More recently, alcohol-based hand rub has been successfully introduced, showing greater effectiveness, less irritation to the hands, and requiring less time than washing hands. All products should have a remnant effect that delays microbial growth under the gloved hand. Some of the alcohol-based compounds are effective (as determined by the European Norm EN 12791) within 90 s whereas others require 3–5 min, similar to the scrub. The short procedure relies heavily on proper technique and timing, since lowering the exposure time to <90 s leads to significantly lower effectiveness of bacterial killing. Today, surgical hand hygiene should meet EN 12791 in Europe, or other standards, such as the US Food and Drug Administration tentative final monograph norm in the USA. It is best performed by using an alcohol-based hand rub, but a scrub with chlorhexidine-containing soap also meets these standards.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-6701</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2939</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0195-6701(13)60008-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23453175</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents ; Antiseptics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chlorhexidine ; Disinfectants - administration & dosage ; Disinfection ; Epidemiology. Vaccinations ; Europe ; General aspects ; Hand antisepsis ; Hand hygiene ; Hand Hygiene - methods ; Humans ; Infectious Disease ; Infectious diseases ; Medical sciences ; Pharmacology. 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Per-operative glove punctures are observed in almost 30% of all interventions, and a risk factor for postoperative infections. In the past, washing hands with antimicrobial soap and water (surgical scrub) was the norm, mainly with chlorhexidine or iodine. More recently, alcohol-based hand rub has been successfully introduced, showing greater effectiveness, less irritation to the hands, and requiring less time than washing hands. All products should have a remnant effect that delays microbial growth under the gloved hand. Some of the alcohol-based compounds are effective (as determined by the European Norm EN 12791) within 90 s whereas others require 3–5 min, similar to the scrub. The short procedure relies heavily on proper technique and timing, since lowering the exposure time to <90 s leads to significantly lower effectiveness of bacterial killing. Today, surgical hand hygiene should meet EN 12791 in Europe, or other standards, such as the US Food and Drug Administration tentative final monograph norm in the USA. It is best performed by using an alcohol-based hand rub, but a scrub with chlorhexidine-containing soap also meets these standards.</description><subject>Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents</subject><subject>Antiseptics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chlorhexidine</subject><subject>Disinfectants - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Epidemiology. Vaccinations</subject><subject>Europe</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Hand antisepsis</subject><subject>Hand hygiene</subject><subject>Hand Hygiene - methods</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious Disease</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Preoperative Care - methods</subject><subject>Surgical hand antisepsis</subject><subject>Surgical preparation</subject><subject>Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>United States</subject><issn>0195-6701</issn><issn>1532-2939</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU1P3DAQhi3UCra0P4Eqh1aih8BM_JGEAwihliIhcaA9W97JBEyzCdibSvvvcXYXkHrpaaTRM69nHgtxgHCEgOb4FrDWuSkBD1F-MwBQ5bAjZqhlkRe1rN-J2SuyJz7E-JCY1Ne7Yq-QSkss9Ux8uR3DnSfXZfeub7L71Z3nnk-ySGGcZ0PIUjn7KN63rov8aVv3xe8f339d_Myvby6vLs6vc1IalrnighpXcOsUakeypkrPiZiZWlINtBXWBZFDlbqmVgASDJrSKAl63hq5Lw43uY9heBo5Lu3CR-Kucz0PY7SYdlagq7JMqN6gFIYYA7f2MfiFCyuLYCdBdi3ITtenObsWZCHNfd4-Mc4X3LxOvRhJwNct4GLS0gbXk49vXIlVZfS0wNmG4yTkr-dgIyV1xI0PTEvbDP6_q5z-k0Cd76e_-MMrjg_DGPpk26KNhYVNyJSBcp0A8hmTQpTe</recordid><startdate>20130201</startdate><enddate>20130201</enddate><creator>Widmer, A.F</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130201</creationdate><title>Surgical hand hygiene: scrub or rub?</title><author>Widmer, A.F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-4e2cda2efa415ac39c85bcceeecfc4d0f8192cca14bcc6940030616764305bf63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents</topic><topic>Antiseptics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chlorhexidine</topic><topic>Disinfectants - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Epidemiology. Vaccinations</topic><topic>Europe</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Hand antisepsis</topic><topic>Hand hygiene</topic><topic>Hand Hygiene - methods</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious Disease</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Preoperative Care - methods</topic><topic>Surgical hand antisepsis</topic><topic>Surgical preparation</topic><topic>Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>United States</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Widmer, A.F</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of hospital infection</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Widmer, A.F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Surgical hand hygiene: scrub or rub?</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of hospital infection</jtitle><addtitle>J Hosp Infect</addtitle><date>2013-02-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>83</volume><spage>S35</spage><epage>S39</epage><pages>S35-S39</pages><issn>0195-6701</issn><eissn>1532-2939</eissn><abstract>Summary Surgical hand hygiene is standard care prior to any surgical procedure. Per-operative glove punctures are observed in almost 30% of all interventions, and a risk factor for postoperative infections. In the past, washing hands with antimicrobial soap and water (surgical scrub) was the norm, mainly with chlorhexidine or iodine. More recently, alcohol-based hand rub has been successfully introduced, showing greater effectiveness, less irritation to the hands, and requiring less time than washing hands. All products should have a remnant effect that delays microbial growth under the gloved hand. Some of the alcohol-based compounds are effective (as determined by the European Norm EN 12791) within 90 s whereas others require 3–5 min, similar to the scrub. The short procedure relies heavily on proper technique and timing, since lowering the exposure time to <90 s leads to significantly lower effectiveness of bacterial killing. Today, surgical hand hygiene should meet EN 12791 in Europe, or other standards, such as the US Food and Drug Administration tentative final monograph norm in the USA. It is best performed by using an alcohol-based hand rub, but a scrub with chlorhexidine-containing soap also meets these standards.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>23453175</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0195-6701(13)60008-0</doi></addata></record>
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source	ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024
subjects	Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents Antiseptics Biological and medical sciences Chlorhexidine Disinfectants - administration & dosage Disinfection Epidemiology. Vaccinations Europe General aspects Hand antisepsis Hand hygiene Hand Hygiene - methods Humans Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Medical sciences Pharmacology. Drug treatments Preoperative Care - methods Surgical hand antisepsis Surgical preparation Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control Time Factors United States
title	Surgical hand hygiene: scrub or rub?
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