Carbofuran concentrations in blood, bile and tissues in fatal cases of homicide and suicide

Abstract Carbofuran is a broad spectrum carbamate insecticide which inhibits cholinesterase. In the recent past several carbofuran related homicide and suicide cases were reported in Sri Lanka. The concentration of carbofuran found in blood, bile and/or tissues in eight fatal cases were presented in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Forensic science international 2013-04, Vol.227 (1), p.106-110
Main Authors: Tennakoon, D.A.S. Sakunthala, Karunarathna, W.D.V, Udugampala, U.S.S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Bile
Bile - chemistry
Blood
Carbofuran
Carbofuran - analysis
Carbofuran - poisoning
Child
Child, Preschool
Chromatography, Liquid
Female
Females
Forensic sciences
Forensic Toxicology
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Gastrointestinal Contents - chemistry
GC–MS
Homicide
HPLC
Humans
Insecticides - analysis
Insecticides - poisoning
Liver - chemistry
Male
Metabolite
Metabolites
Middle Aged
Nematodes
Pathology
Poisoning
Poisons
Soft drinks
Suicide
Suicides & suicide attempts
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Summary:Abstract Carbofuran is a broad spectrum carbamate insecticide which inhibits cholinesterase. In the recent past several carbofuran related homicide and suicide cases were reported in Sri Lanka. The concentration of carbofuran found in blood, bile and/or tissues in eight fatal cases were presented in this paper. Liquid–liquid extraction with chloroform was carried out with tissue and beverage samples while blood and bile samples were roller mixed with n-hexane and finally extracted into acetonitrile. Qualitative analysis of carbofuran in biological specimens was carried out using TLC and GC–MS. Presence of carbofuran and its metabolite carbofuran phenol were confirmed by GC–MS. The quantitative analysis was carried out using a validated method where Zorbax Eclips XDB C18 column was used in HPLC with photo diode array detector and GC–MS. In blood, bile, liver and stomach contents/stomach and contents both carbofuran and carbofuran phenol were identified, while in certain cases only the metabolite, carbofuran phenol was identified in blood. The carbofuran levels ranged from 0.4 to 18 μg/ml in blood, 0.4 to 60 μg/ml in bile, 2.2 μg/g in liver and 0.3 to 300 μg/g in stomach contents/stomach and contents.
ISSN:0379-0738
1872-6283
DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.039