Performance and properties of nanoscale calcium peroxide for toluene removal

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) 2013-04, Vol.91 (5), p.717-723
• Main Authors: Qian, Yajie, Zhou, Xuefei, Zhang, Yalei, Zhang, Weixian, Chen, Jiabin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: benzaldehyde; benzyl alcohol; calcium hydroxide; calcium peroxide; Chemistry; Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods; Exact sciences and technology; hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; hydroxyl radicals; isomers; isopropyl alcohol; Kinetics and mechanisms; Models, Chemical; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoscale calcium peroxide; Organic chemistry; oxidation; Peroxides - chemistry; petroleum; Petroleum hydrocarbon; Petroleum Pollution; pollutants; pollution control; Reactivity and mechanisms; Removal; scanning electron microscopes; superoxide anion; Toluene; Toluene - chemistry
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.049

► Nanoscale CaO2 was synthesized by nanoscale Ca(OH)2 and H2O2. ► Nanoscale CaO2 could eliminate toluene within 3d at pH 6. ► The oxidation products include benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and cresol isomers. ► Hydroxyl and superoxide radicals appeared in the oxidation process. Due to the large diameter and small surface, the contaminant degradation by conventional calcium peroxide (CaO2) is slow with high dosage required. The aggregation of conventional CaO2 also makes it difficult to operate. Nanoscale CaO2 was therefore synthesized and applied to remove toluene in this study. Prepared from nanoscale Ca(OH)2 and H2O2 in the ratio of 1:7, the finely dispersed nanoscale CaO2 particles were confirmed by the scanning electron microscope to be in the range of 100–200nm in size. Compared to their non nanoscale counterparts, the synthesized nanoscale CaO2 demonstrated a superior performance in the degradation of toluene, which could be eliminated in 3d at pH 6. The oxidation products of toluene were analyzed to include benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and three cresol isomers. With the addition of 2-propanol, hydroxyl radicals were indicated as the main reactive oxygen species in the oxidation of toluene by nanoscale CaO2. Superoxide radicals were also investigated as the marker of nanoscale CaO2 in the solution. Our study thus provides an important insight into the application of nanoscale CaO2 in the removal of toluene contaminants, which is significant, especially for controlling the petroleum contaminations.