Genetic Variation in Putative Salt Taste Receptors and Salt Taste Perception in Humans

The objective of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SCNN1A (3), SCNN1B (12), SCNN1G (6), and TRPV1 (10) genes affect salt taste perception. Participants were men (n = 28) and women (n = 67) from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study aged 21-31 year...

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Published in:Chemical senses 2013-02, Vol.38 (2), p.137-145
Main Authors: DIAS, Andre G, ROUSSEAU, Derick, DUIZER, Lisa, COCKBURN, Moira, CHIU, Winnie, NIELSEN, Daiva, EL-SOHEMY, Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Epithelial Sodium Channels - genetics
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Male
Olfaction. Taste
Perception
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Sodium Chloride, Dietary - metabolism
Taste Perception
Taste Threshold
TRPV Cation Channels - genetics
Young Adult
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Summary:The objective of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SCNN1A (3), SCNN1B (12), SCNN1G (6), and TRPV1 (10) genes affect salt taste perception. Participants were men (n = 28) and women (n = 67) from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study aged 21-31 years. Taste thresholds were determined using a 3-alternative forced-choice staircase model with solutions ranging from 9×10(-6) to 0.5 mol/L. Suprathreshold taste sensitivity to 0.01-1.0 mol/L salt solutions was assessed using general labeled magnitude scales. None of the SNPs in the SCNN1A and SCNN1G genes were significantly associated with either outcome. In the SCNN1B gene, 2 SNPs in intronic regions of the gene modified suprathreshold taste sensitivity (mean iAUC ± SE). Those homozygous for the A allele of the rs239345 (A>T) polymorphism and the T allele of the rs3785368 (C>T) polymorphism perceived salt solutions less intensely than carriers of the T or C alleles, respectively (rs239345: 70.82±12.16 vs. 96.95±3.75, P = 0.02; rs3785368: 57.43±19.85 vs. 95.57±3.66, P = 0.03) In the TRPV1 gene, the rs8065080 (C>T, Val585Ile) polymorphism modified suprathreshold taste sensitivity where carriers of the T allele were significantly more sensitive to salt solutions than the CC genotype (98.3±3.8 vs. 74.1±8.3, P = 0.008). Our findings show that variation in the TRPV1 and the SCNN1B genes may modify salt taste perception in humans.
ISSN:0379-864X
1464-3553
DOI:10.1093/chemse/bjs090