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Introduced northern pike predation on salmonids in southcentral Alaska
Northern pike (Esox lucius) are opportunistic predators that can switch to alternative prey species after preferred prey have declined. This trophic adaptability allows invasive pike to have negative effects on aquatic food webs. In Southcentral Alaska, invasive pike are a substantial concern becaus...
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Published in: | Ecology of freshwater fish 2013-04, Vol.22 (2), p.268-279 |
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container_title | Ecology of freshwater fish |
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creator | Sepulveda, Adam J. Rutz, David S. Ivey, Sam S. Dunker, Kristine J. Gross, Jackson A. |
description | Northern pike (Esox lucius) are opportunistic predators that can switch to alternative prey species after preferred prey have declined. This trophic adaptability allows invasive pike to have negative effects on aquatic food webs. In Southcentral Alaska, invasive pike are a substantial concern because they have spread to important spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids and are hypothesised to be responsible for recent salmonid declines. We described the relative importance of salmonids and other prey species to pike diets in the Deshka River and Alexander Creek in Southcentral Alaska. Salmonids were once abundant in both rivers, but they are now rare in Alexander Creek. In the Deshka River, we found that juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) dominated pike diets and that small pike consumed more of these salmonids than large pike. In Alexander Creek, pike diets reflected the distribution of spawning salmonids, which decrease with distance upstream. Although salmonids dominated pike diets in the lowest reach of the stream, Arctic lamprey (Lampetra camtschatica) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) dominated pike diets in the middle and upper reaches. In both rivers, pike density did not influence diet and pike consumed smaller prey items than predicted by their gape‐width. Our data suggest that (1) juvenile salmonids are a dominant prey item for pike, (2) small pike are the primary consumers of juvenile salmonids and (3) pike consume other native fish species when juvenile salmonids are less abundant. Implications of this trophic adaptability are that invasive pike can continue to increase while driving multiple species to low abundance. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/eff.12024 |
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This trophic adaptability allows invasive pike to have negative effects on aquatic food webs. In Southcentral Alaska, invasive pike are a substantial concern because they have spread to important spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids and are hypothesised to be responsible for recent salmonid declines. We described the relative importance of salmonids and other prey species to pike diets in the Deshka River and Alexander Creek in Southcentral Alaska. Salmonids were once abundant in both rivers, but they are now rare in Alexander Creek. In the Deshka River, we found that juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) dominated pike diets and that small pike consumed more of these salmonids than large pike. In Alexander Creek, pike diets reflected the distribution of spawning salmonids, which decrease with distance upstream. Although salmonids dominated pike diets in the lowest reach of the stream, Arctic lamprey (Lampetra camtschatica) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) dominated pike diets in the middle and upper reaches. In both rivers, pike density did not influence diet and pike consumed smaller prey items than predicted by their gape‐width. Our data suggest that (1) juvenile salmonids are a dominant prey item for pike, (2) small pike are the primary consumers of juvenile salmonids and (3) pike consume other native fish species when juvenile salmonids are less abundant. Implications of this trophic adaptability are that invasive pike can continue to increase while driving multiple species to low abundance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0906-6691</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1600-0633</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/eff.12024</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Alaska ; Cottus cognatus ; diet ; Esox lucius ; Fish ; Freshwater ; Lampetra ; Northern pike ; Oncorhynchus kisutch ; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; Petromyzontidae ; Predation ; prey-specific abundance ; salmon ; Susitna River</subject><ispartof>Ecology of freshwater fish, 2013-04, Vol.22 (2), p.268-279</ispartof><rights>Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4034-751ab31a074544ec6779527c5d4b92c1133592d7d762e244a446db5a0179b16c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4034-751ab31a074544ec6779527c5d4b92c1133592d7d762e244a446db5a0179b16c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sepulveda, Adam J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rutz, David S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ivey, Sam S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunker, Kristine J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gross, Jackson A.</creatorcontrib><title>Introduced northern pike predation on salmonids in southcentral Alaska</title><title>Ecology of freshwater fish</title><addtitle>Ecol Freshw Fish</addtitle><description>Northern pike (Esox lucius) are opportunistic predators that can switch to alternative prey species after preferred prey have declined. This trophic adaptability allows invasive pike to have negative effects on aquatic food webs. In Southcentral Alaska, invasive pike are a substantial concern because they have spread to important spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids and are hypothesised to be responsible for recent salmonid declines. We described the relative importance of salmonids and other prey species to pike diets in the Deshka River and Alexander Creek in Southcentral Alaska. Salmonids were once abundant in both rivers, but they are now rare in Alexander Creek. In the Deshka River, we found that juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) dominated pike diets and that small pike consumed more of these salmonids than large pike. In Alexander Creek, pike diets reflected the distribution of spawning salmonids, which decrease with distance upstream. Although salmonids dominated pike diets in the lowest reach of the stream, Arctic lamprey (Lampetra camtschatica) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) dominated pike diets in the middle and upper reaches. In both rivers, pike density did not influence diet and pike consumed smaller prey items than predicted by their gape‐width. Our data suggest that (1) juvenile salmonids are a dominant prey item for pike, (2) small pike are the primary consumers of juvenile salmonids and (3) pike consume other native fish species when juvenile salmonids are less abundant. Implications of this trophic adaptability are that invasive pike can continue to increase while driving multiple species to low abundance.</description><subject>Alaska</subject><subject>Cottus cognatus</subject><subject>diet</subject><subject>Esox lucius</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Lampetra</subject><subject>Northern pike</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus kisutch</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</subject><subject>Petromyzontidae</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>prey-specific abundance</subject><subject>salmon</subject><subject>Susitna River</subject><issn>0906-6691</issn><issn>1600-0633</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kF1LwzAUhoMoOKcX_oOCN3rRLV9NzOUY6xwUP0DZZUjTlHXrmpq06P690aoXgocDhwPPczi8AFwiOEGhpqYsJwhDTI_ACDEIY8gIOQYjKCCLGRPoFJx5v4UQYcHxCKSrpnO26LUposa6bmNcE7XVzkStM4XqKttEob2q97apCh9VYbF9t9EmiKqOZrXyO3UOTkpVe3PxPcfgJV08z-_i7GG5ms-yWFNIaMwTpHKCFOQ0odRoxrlIMNdJQXOBNUKEJAIXvOAMG0ypopQVeaIg4iJHTJMxuB7uts6-9sZ3cl95bepaNcb2XiKCyS3ChLCAXv1Bt7Z3TfguUIhTISgVgboZKO2s986UsnXVXrmDRFB-JipDovIr0cBOB_atqs3hf1Au0vTHiAej8p15_zWU20nGCU_k-n4p10-PKeUZlxn5AFm6hGU</recordid><startdate>201304</startdate><enddate>201304</enddate><creator>Sepulveda, Adam J.</creator><creator>Rutz, David S.</creator><creator>Ivey, Sam S.</creator><creator>Dunker, Kristine J.</creator><creator>Gross, Jackson A.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>H98</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201304</creationdate><title>Introduced northern pike predation on salmonids in southcentral Alaska</title><author>Sepulveda, Adam J. ; Rutz, David S. ; Ivey, Sam S. ; Dunker, Kristine J. ; Gross, Jackson A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4034-751ab31a074544ec6779527c5d4b92c1133592d7d762e244a446db5a0179b16c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Alaska</topic><topic>Cottus cognatus</topic><topic>diet</topic><topic>Esox lucius</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Lampetra</topic><topic>Northern pike</topic><topic>Oncorhynchus kisutch</topic><topic>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</topic><topic>Petromyzontidae</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>prey-specific abundance</topic><topic>salmon</topic><topic>Susitna River</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sepulveda, Adam J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rutz, David S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ivey, Sam S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunker, Kristine J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gross, Jackson A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Aquaculture Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Ecology of freshwater fish</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sepulveda, Adam J.</au><au>Rutz, David S.</au><au>Ivey, Sam S.</au><au>Dunker, Kristine J.</au><au>Gross, Jackson A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Introduced northern pike predation on salmonids in southcentral Alaska</atitle><jtitle>Ecology of freshwater fish</jtitle><addtitle>Ecol Freshw Fish</addtitle><date>2013-04</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>268</spage><epage>279</epage><pages>268-279</pages><issn>0906-6691</issn><eissn>1600-0633</eissn><abstract>Northern pike (Esox lucius) are opportunistic predators that can switch to alternative prey species after preferred prey have declined. This trophic adaptability allows invasive pike to have negative effects on aquatic food webs. In Southcentral Alaska, invasive pike are a substantial concern because they have spread to important spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids and are hypothesised to be responsible for recent salmonid declines. We described the relative importance of salmonids and other prey species to pike diets in the Deshka River and Alexander Creek in Southcentral Alaska. Salmonids were once abundant in both rivers, but they are now rare in Alexander Creek. In the Deshka River, we found that juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) dominated pike diets and that small pike consumed more of these salmonids than large pike. In Alexander Creek, pike diets reflected the distribution of spawning salmonids, which decrease with distance upstream. Although salmonids dominated pike diets in the lowest reach of the stream, Arctic lamprey (Lampetra camtschatica) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) dominated pike diets in the middle and upper reaches. In both rivers, pike density did not influence diet and pike consumed smaller prey items than predicted by their gape‐width. Our data suggest that (1) juvenile salmonids are a dominant prey item for pike, (2) small pike are the primary consumers of juvenile salmonids and (3) pike consume other native fish species when juvenile salmonids are less abundant. Implications of this trophic adaptability are that invasive pike can continue to increase while driving multiple species to low abundance.</abstract><cop>Malden</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/eff.12024</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Alaska Cottus cognatus diet Esox lucius Fish Freshwater Lampetra Northern pike Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Petromyzontidae Predation prey-specific abundance salmon Susitna River |
title | Introduced northern pike predation on salmonids in southcentral Alaska |
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