Microbial community evolution during simulated managed aquifer recharge in response to different biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) concentrations

• Published in: Water research (Oxford) 2013-05, Vol.47 (7), p.2421-2430
• Main Authors: Li, Dong, Alidina, Mazahirali, Ouf, Mohamed, Sharp, Jonathan O., Saikaly, Pascal, Drewes, Jörg E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alpha-Proteobacteria; aquifers; Archaea; Archaea - drug effects; Archaea - genetics; Archaea - growth & development; bacteria; Bacteria - drug effects; Bacteria - genetics; Bacteria - growth & development; beta-Proteobacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental - drug effects; Biodiversity; Carbon - pharmacology; community structure; Computer Simulation; correlation; dissolved organic carbon; DNA extraction; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; ecosystems; Exact sciences and technology; gamma-Proteobacteria; Gene Dosage; genes; Groundwater - microbiology; Hydrology. Hydrogeology; Managed aquifer recharge; Microbial adaptation; microbial biomass; microbial communities; Microbial community diversity; Organic Chemicals - pharmacology; Phylogeny; Principal Component Analysis; Proteobacteria; Pyrosequencing; ribosomal RNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; sediments; soil; Soil Microbiology; Solubility; Water Microbiology; Water resources; Water reuse
• ISSN: 0043-1354; 1879-2448
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.012

This study investigates the evolution of the microbial community in laboratory-scale soil columns simulating the infiltration zone of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems and analogous natural aquifer sediment ecosystems. Parallel systems were supplemented with either moderate (1.1 mg/L) or low (0.5 mg/L) biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) for a period of six months during which time, spatial (1 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, and 120 cm) and temporal (monthly) analyses of sediment-associated microbial community structure were analyzed. Total microbial biomass associated with sediments was positively correlated with BDOC concentration where a significant decline in BDOC was observed along the column length. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated dominance by Bacteria with Archaea comprising less than 1 percent of the total community. Proteobacteria was found to be the major phylum in samples from all column depths with contributions from Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Microbial community structure at all the phylum, class and genus levels differed significantly at 1 cm between columns receiving moderate and low BDOC concentrations; in contrast strong similarities were observed both between parallel column systems and across samples from 30 to 120 cm depths. Samples from 1 cm depth of the low BDOC columns exhibited higher microbial diversity (expressed as Shannon Index) than those at 1 cm of moderate BDOC columns, and both increased from 5.4 to 5.9 at 1 cm depth to 6.7–8.3 at 30–120 cm depths. The microbial community structure reached steady state after 3–4 months since the initiation of the experiment, which also resulted in an improved DOC removal during the same time period. This study suggested that BDOC could significantly influence microbial community structure regarding both composition and diversity of artificial MAR systems and analogous natural aquifer sediment ecosystems. [Display omitted] ► Total microbial biomass positively correlated with BDOC concentration. ► Microbial community structure differed significantly at 1 cm between columns. ► Strong similarities observed among samples from 30 to 120 cm depths of both columns. ► Microbial community structure reached steady state after 3–4 months. ► BDOC could significantly influence microbial community in MAR systems.