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Mental health of internally displaced preschool children: a cross-sectional study conducted in Bogotá, Colombia
Purpose Ongoing armed conflicts, like the one in Colombia, have forcibly displaced millions of people including many young children. This study aimed to assess the mental health of internally displaced preschoolers in Bogotá Colombia and to identify correlates of mental health in these children. Met...
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| Published in: | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2013-06, Vol.48 (6), p.917-926 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| container_end_page | 926 |
| container_issue | 6 |
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| container_title | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology |
| container_volume | 48 |
| creator | Flink, Ilse J. E. Restrepo, María H. Blanco, Diana P. Ortegon, Mónica M. Enriquez, Carolina L. Beirens, Tinneke M. J. Raat, Hein |
| description | Purpose
Ongoing armed conflicts, like the one in Colombia, have forcibly displaced millions of people including many young children. This study aimed to assess the mental health of internally displaced preschoolers in Bogotá Colombia and to identify correlates of mental health in these children.
Methods
Cross-sectional study conducted among 279 children attending four kindergartens in a deprived neighbourhood in Bogotá. Child mental health was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 1.5–5 years, a parent-report. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between displacement and child mental health and to identify correlates of mental health in displaced children.
Results
Displaced children (
n
= 90) more often met borderline cut-off scores for the CBCL scales than non-displaced children (
n
= 189) (e.g. total problems 46.7 vs. 22.8 %;
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00127-012-0611-9 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1353987885</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A716457083</galeid><sourcerecordid>A716457083</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c512t-b284ca756772454cd12c8a4fc219d9f5bc351f08e37f1abd90f1a546f05a6e5e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kcuKFDEUhgtRnHb0AdxIQAQX1phrpTK7sfEGI250HVK5dGdIJW1StejH8Vl8MVNW66gogXNC8v0nOedvmscIXiAI-csCIcK8raGFHUKtuNNsECWkFbhnd5sNFHXPBaNnzYNSbiCERHByvznDBGFKe7hpDh9snFQAe6vCtAfJAR8nm6MK4QiML4egtDXgkG3R-5QC0HsfTLbxEiigcyqlLVZPPlUFKNNsjkCnaGY9VZWP4FXapenb1xdgm0IaB68eNvecCsU-OuXz5vOb15-279rrj2_fb6-uW80QntoB91QrzjrOMWVUG4R1r6jTGAkjHBs0YcjB3hLukBqMgDUx2jnIVGeZJefN87XuIacvsy2THH3RNgQVbZqLRIQR0fO-ZxV9-hd6k-ZlBCuFO4EIvqV2Kljpo0tTVnopKq846ijjsCeVuvgHVZexo6-Tsc7X8z8EaBX8GGa2Th6yH1U-SgTl4rJcXZY1yMVlKarmyenD8zBa80vx09YKPDsBqmgVXFZR-3LLcdZzTpbO8cqVehV3Nv_W-X9f_w5xZr46</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1353269132</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Mental health of internally displaced preschool children: a cross-sectional study conducted in Bogotá, Colombia</title><source>Springer Link</source><creator>Flink, Ilse J. E. ; Restrepo, María H. ; Blanco, Diana P. ; Ortegon, Mónica M. ; Enriquez, Carolina L. ; Beirens, Tinneke M. J. ; Raat, Hein</creator><creatorcontrib>Flink, Ilse J. E. ; Restrepo, María H. ; Blanco, Diana P. ; Ortegon, Mónica M. ; Enriquez, Carolina L. ; Beirens, Tinneke M. J. ; Raat, Hein</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
Ongoing armed conflicts, like the one in Colombia, have forcibly displaced millions of people including many young children. This study aimed to assess the mental health of internally displaced preschoolers in Bogotá Colombia and to identify correlates of mental health in these children.
Methods
Cross-sectional study conducted among 279 children attending four kindergartens in a deprived neighbourhood in Bogotá. Child mental health was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 1.5–5 years, a parent-report. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between displacement and child mental health and to identify correlates of mental health in displaced children.
Results
Displaced children (
n
= 90) more often met borderline cut-off scores for the CBCL scales than non-displaced children (
n
= 189) (e.g. total problems 46.7 vs. 22.8 %;
p
< 0.001). The association between displacement and presence of CBCL total problems remained after adjustment for socio-demographic factors (Adjusted OR 3.3, 95 % CI 1.5; 6.9). Caretaker’s mental health partly explained the association. In displaced children, caretaker’s mental health (
p
< 0.01) and family functioning (
p
< 0.01) were independently associated with child mental health. Exposure to traumatic events and social support was also associated with child mental health; however, associations were not independent.
Conclusion
In this deprived neighbourhood in Bogotá, preschool children registered as internally displaced presented worse mental health than non-displaced peers. Family functioning and caretaker’s mental health were strongly and independently associated with displaced children’s mental health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0933-7954</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1433-9285</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0611-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23124480</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SPPEEM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Analysis of Variance ; Biological and medical sciences ; Caregivers - psychology ; Checklist - statistics & numerical data ; Child & adolescent mental health ; Child Behavior Disorders - epidemiology ; Child Behavior Disorders - psychology ; Child clinical studies ; Child, Preschool ; Children's furniture ; Colombia - epidemiology ; Consent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Displaced persons ; Emigration and Immigration - statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Health sciences ; Humans ; Infant ; International law ; Kindergarten ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medical students ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Mental Disorders - epidemiology ; Mental Disorders - psychology ; Mental health ; Mental Health - statistics & numerical data ; Miscellaneous ; Neighborhoods ; Original Paper ; Population ; Post traumatic stress disorder ; Preschool children ; Psychiatry ; Psychological aspects ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Residence Characteristics ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Trauma</subject><ispartof>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2013-06, Vol.48 (6), p.917-926</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Springer</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c512t-b284ca756772454cd12c8a4fc219d9f5bc351f08e37f1abd90f1a546f05a6e5e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c512t-b284ca756772454cd12c8a4fc219d9f5bc351f08e37f1abd90f1a546f05a6e5e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27587735$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124480$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Flink, Ilse J. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Restrepo, María H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanco, Diana P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortegon, Mónica M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enriquez, Carolina L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beirens, Tinneke M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raat, Hein</creatorcontrib><title>Mental health of internally displaced preschool children: a cross-sectional study conducted in Bogotá, Colombia</title><title>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</title><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Purpose
Ongoing armed conflicts, like the one in Colombia, have forcibly displaced millions of people including many young children. This study aimed to assess the mental health of internally displaced preschoolers in Bogotá Colombia and to identify correlates of mental health in these children.
Methods
Cross-sectional study conducted among 279 children attending four kindergartens in a deprived neighbourhood in Bogotá. Child mental health was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 1.5–5 years, a parent-report. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between displacement and child mental health and to identify correlates of mental health in displaced children.
Results
Displaced children (
n
= 90) more often met borderline cut-off scores for the CBCL scales than non-displaced children (
n
= 189) (e.g. total problems 46.7 vs. 22.8 %;
p
< 0.001). The association between displacement and presence of CBCL total problems remained after adjustment for socio-demographic factors (Adjusted OR 3.3, 95 % CI 1.5; 6.9). Caretaker’s mental health partly explained the association. In displaced children, caretaker’s mental health (
p
< 0.01) and family functioning (
p
< 0.01) were independently associated with child mental health. Exposure to traumatic events and social support was also associated with child mental health; however, associations were not independent.
Conclusion
In this deprived neighbourhood in Bogotá, preschool children registered as internally displaced presented worse mental health than non-displaced peers. Family functioning and caretaker’s mental health were strongly and independently associated with displaced children’s mental health.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Caregivers - psychology</subject><subject>Checklist - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Child & adolescent mental health</subject><subject>Child Behavior Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Child Behavior Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Child clinical studies</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children's furniture</subject><subject>Colombia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Displaced persons</subject><subject>Emigration and Immigration - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>International law</subject><subject>Kindergarten</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medical students</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Mental Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Mental Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mental Health - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Neighborhoods</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Post traumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Preschool children</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Residence Characteristics</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Trauma</subject><issn>0933-7954</issn><issn>1433-9285</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kcuKFDEUhgtRnHb0AdxIQAQX1phrpTK7sfEGI250HVK5dGdIJW1StejH8Vl8MVNW66gogXNC8v0nOedvmscIXiAI-csCIcK8raGFHUKtuNNsECWkFbhnd5sNFHXPBaNnzYNSbiCERHByvznDBGFKe7hpDh9snFQAe6vCtAfJAR8nm6MK4QiML4egtDXgkG3R-5QC0HsfTLbxEiigcyqlLVZPPlUFKNNsjkCnaGY9VZWP4FXapenb1xdgm0IaB68eNvecCsU-OuXz5vOb15-279rrj2_fb6-uW80QntoB91QrzjrOMWVUG4R1r6jTGAkjHBs0YcjB3hLukBqMgDUx2jnIVGeZJefN87XuIacvsy2THH3RNgQVbZqLRIQR0fO-ZxV9-hd6k-ZlBCuFO4EIvqV2Kljpo0tTVnopKq846ijjsCeVuvgHVZexo6-Tsc7X8z8EaBX8GGa2Th6yH1U-SgTl4rJcXZY1yMVlKarmyenD8zBa80vx09YKPDsBqmgVXFZR-3LLcdZzTpbO8cqVehV3Nv_W-X9f_w5xZr46</recordid><startdate>20130601</startdate><enddate>20130601</enddate><creator>Flink, Ilse J. E.</creator><creator>Restrepo, María H.</creator><creator>Blanco, Diana P.</creator><creator>Ortegon, Mónica M.</creator><creator>Enriquez, Carolina L.</creator><creator>Beirens, Tinneke M. J.</creator><creator>Raat, Hein</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130601</creationdate><title>Mental health of internally displaced preschool children: a cross-sectional study conducted in Bogotá, Colombia</title><author>Flink, Ilse J. E. ; Restrepo, María H. ; Blanco, Diana P. ; Ortegon, Mónica M. ; Enriquez, Carolina L. ; Beirens, Tinneke M. J. ; Raat, Hein</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c512t-b284ca756772454cd12c8a4fc219d9f5bc351f08e37f1abd90f1a546f05a6e5e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Caregivers - psychology</topic><topic>Checklist - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Child & adolescent mental health</topic><topic>Child Behavior Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Child Behavior Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Child clinical studies</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children's furniture</topic><topic>Colombia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Consent</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Displaced persons</topic><topic>Emigration and Immigration - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>International law</topic><topic>Kindergarten</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medical students</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Mental Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Mental Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Mental Health - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Neighborhoods</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Post traumatic stress disorder</topic><topic>Preschool children</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychological aspects</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Residence Characteristics</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Trauma</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Flink, Ilse J. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Restrepo, María H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanco, Diana P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortegon, Mónica M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enriquez, Carolina L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beirens, Tinneke M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raat, Hein</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest_Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest advanced technologies & aerospace journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Flink, Ilse J. E.</au><au>Restrepo, María H.</au><au>Blanco, Diana P.</au><au>Ortegon, Mónica M.</au><au>Enriquez, Carolina L.</au><au>Beirens, Tinneke M. J.</au><au>Raat, Hein</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mental health of internally displaced preschool children: a cross-sectional study conducted in Bogotá, Colombia</atitle><jtitle>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2013-06-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>917</spage><epage>926</epage><pages>917-926</pages><issn>0933-7954</issn><eissn>1433-9285</eissn><coden>SPPEEM</coden><abstract>Purpose
Ongoing armed conflicts, like the one in Colombia, have forcibly displaced millions of people including many young children. This study aimed to assess the mental health of internally displaced preschoolers in Bogotá Colombia and to identify correlates of mental health in these children.
Methods
Cross-sectional study conducted among 279 children attending four kindergartens in a deprived neighbourhood in Bogotá. Child mental health was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 1.5–5 years, a parent-report. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between displacement and child mental health and to identify correlates of mental health in displaced children.
Results
Displaced children (
n
= 90) more often met borderline cut-off scores for the CBCL scales than non-displaced children (
n
= 189) (e.g. total problems 46.7 vs. 22.8 %;
p
< 0.001). The association between displacement and presence of CBCL total problems remained after adjustment for socio-demographic factors (Adjusted OR 3.3, 95 % CI 1.5; 6.9). Caretaker’s mental health partly explained the association. In displaced children, caretaker’s mental health (
p
< 0.01) and family functioning (
p
< 0.01) were independently associated with child mental health. Exposure to traumatic events and social support was also associated with child mental health; however, associations were not independent.
Conclusion
In this deprived neighbourhood in Bogotá, preschool children registered as internally displaced presented worse mental health than non-displaced peers. Family functioning and caretaker’s mental health were strongly and independently associated with displaced children’s mental health.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>23124480</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00127-012-0611-9</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0933-7954 |
| ispartof | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2013-06, Vol.48 (6), p.917-926 |
| issn | 0933-7954 1433-9285 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1353987885 |
| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | Analysis Analysis of Variance Biological and medical sciences Caregivers - psychology Checklist - statistics & numerical data Child & adolescent mental health Child Behavior Disorders - epidemiology Child Behavior Disorders - psychology Child clinical studies Child, Preschool Children's furniture Colombia - epidemiology Consent Cross-Sectional Studies Displaced persons Emigration and Immigration - statistics & numerical data Epidemiology Female Health sciences Humans Infant International law Kindergarten Logistic Models Male Medical sciences Medical students Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mental Disorders - epidemiology Mental Disorders - psychology Mental health Mental Health - statistics & numerical data Miscellaneous Neighborhoods Original Paper Population Post traumatic stress disorder Preschool children Psychiatry Psychological aspects Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Public health Questionnaires Residence Characteristics Socioeconomic Factors Trauma |
| title | Mental health of internally displaced preschool children: a cross-sectional study conducted in Bogotá, Colombia |
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