Interleukin-4- and Interleukin-13-Mediated Alternatively Activated Macrophages: Roles in Homeostasis and Disease

The macrophage, a versatile cell type prominently involved in host defense and immunity, assumes a distinct state of alternative activation in the context of polarized type 2 immune responses such as allergic inflammation and helminth infection. This alternatively activated phenotype is induced by t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of immunology 2013-01, Vol.31 (1), p.317-343
Main Authors: Van Dyken, Steven J, Locksley, Richard M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
allergy
Animals
Anti-Allergic Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacology
helminth
Homeostasis - immunology
Humans
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation - pathology
Interleukin-13 - physiology
Interleukin-4 - physiology
Macrophage Activation - immunology
Macrophages - cytology
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - pathology
metabolism
Th2 cell
type 2 immunity
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Summary:The macrophage, a versatile cell type prominently involved in host defense and immunity, assumes a distinct state of alternative activation in the context of polarized type 2 immune responses such as allergic inflammation and helminth infection. This alternatively activated phenotype is induced by the canonical type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which mediate expression of several characteristic markers along with a dramatic shift in macrophage metabolic pathways that influence surrounding cells and tissues. We discuss recent advances in the understanding of IL-4- and IL-13-mediated alternatively activated macrophages and type 2 immune responses; such advances have led to an expanded appreciation for functions of these cells beyond immunity, including maintenance of physiologic homeostasis and tissue repair.
ISSN:0732-0582
1545-3278
DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095906