Ocean acidification and warming scenarios increase microbioerosion of coral skeletons

Biological mediation of carbonate dissolution represents a fundamental component of the destructive forces acting on coral reef ecosystems. Whereas ocean acidification can increase dissolution of carbonate substrates, the combined impact of ocean acidification and warming on the microbioerosion of c...

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Published in:Global change biology 2013-06, Vol.19 (6), p.1919-1929
Main Authors: Reyes-Nivia, Catalina, Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo, Kline, David, Guldberg, Ove-Hoegh, Dove, Sophie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids - chemistry
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Anthozoa - metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
Climate change
Cnidaria. Ctenaria
Coral reefs
coral skeleton
dissolution
endolithic algae
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Global warming
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Invertebrates
Isopora
Marine conservation
Marine ecology
Microalgae - metabolism
microbioerosion
ocean acidification and warming
Oceans and Seas
Ostreobium
Porites
Porites cylindrica
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creator Reyes-Nivia, Catalina
Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo
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Dove, Sophie
description Biological mediation of carbonate dissolution represents a fundamental component of the destructive forces acting on coral reef ecosystems. Whereas ocean acidification can increase dissolution of carbonate substrates, the combined impact of ocean acidification and warming on the microbioerosion of coral skeletons remains unknown. Here, we exposed skeletons of the reef‐building corals, Porites cylindrica and Isopora cuneata, to present‐day (Control: 400 μatm – 24 °C) and future pCO2–temperature scenarios projected for the end of the century (Medium: +230 μatm – +2 °C; High: +610 μatm – +4 °C). Skeletons were also subjected to permanent darkness with initial sodium hypochlorite incubation, and natural light without sodium hypochlorite incubation to isolate the environmental effect of acidic seawater (i.e., Ωaragonite
doi_str_mv 10.1111/gcb.12158
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Whereas ocean acidification can increase dissolution of carbonate substrates, the combined impact of ocean acidification and warming on the microbioerosion of coral skeletons remains unknown. Here, we exposed skeletons of the reef‐building corals, Porites cylindrica and Isopora cuneata, to present‐day (Control: 400 μatm – 24 °C) and future pCO2–temperature scenarios projected for the end of the century (Medium: +230 μatm – +2 °C; High: +610 μatm – +4 °C). Skeletons were also subjected to permanent darkness with initial sodium hypochlorite incubation, and natural light without sodium hypochlorite incubation to isolate the environmental effect of acidic seawater (i.e., Ωaragonite &lt;1) from the biological effect of photosynthetic microborers. Our results indicated that skeletal dissolution is predominantly driven by photosynthetic microborers, as samples held in the dark did not decalcify. In contrast, dissolution of skeletons exposed to light increased under elevated pCO2–temperature scenarios, with P. cylindrica experiencing higher dissolution rates per month (89%) than I. cuneata (46%) in the high treatment relative to control. The effects of future pCO2–temperature scenarios on the structure of endolithic communities were only identified in P. cylindrica and were mostly associated with a higher abundance of the green algae Ostreobium spp. Enhanced skeletal dissolution was also associated with increased endolithic biomass and respiration under elevated pCO2–temperature scenarios. Our results suggest that future projections of ocean acidification and warming will lead to increased rates of microbioerosion. 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Whereas ocean acidification can increase dissolution of carbonate substrates, the combined impact of ocean acidification and warming on the microbioerosion of coral skeletons remains unknown. Here, we exposed skeletons of the reef‐building corals, Porites cylindrica and Isopora cuneata, to present‐day (Control: 400 μatm – 24 °C) and future pCO2–temperature scenarios projected for the end of the century (Medium: +230 μatm – +2 °C; High: +610 μatm – +4 °C). Skeletons were also subjected to permanent darkness with initial sodium hypochlorite incubation, and natural light without sodium hypochlorite incubation to isolate the environmental effect of acidic seawater (i.e., Ωaragonite &lt;1) from the biological effect of photosynthetic microborers. Our results indicated that skeletal dissolution is predominantly driven by photosynthetic microborers, as samples held in the dark did not decalcify. 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Whereas ocean acidification can increase dissolution of carbonate substrates, the combined impact of ocean acidification and warming on the microbioerosion of coral skeletons remains unknown. Here, we exposed skeletons of the reef‐building corals, Porites cylindrica and Isopora cuneata, to present‐day (Control: 400 μatm – 24 °C) and future pCO2–temperature scenarios projected for the end of the century (Medium: +230 μatm – +2 °C; High: +610 μatm – +4 °C). Skeletons were also subjected to permanent darkness with initial sodium hypochlorite incubation, and natural light without sodium hypochlorite incubation to isolate the environmental effect of acidic seawater (i.e., Ωaragonite &lt;1) from the biological effect of photosynthetic microborers. Our results indicated that skeletal dissolution is predominantly driven by photosynthetic microborers, as samples held in the dark did not decalcify. In contrast, dissolution of skeletons exposed to light increased under elevated pCO2–temperature scenarios, with P. cylindrica experiencing higher dissolution rates per month (89%) than I. cuneata (46%) in the high treatment relative to control. The effects of future pCO2–temperature scenarios on the structure of endolithic communities were only identified in P. cylindrica and were mostly associated with a higher abundance of the green algae Ostreobium spp. Enhanced skeletal dissolution was also associated with increased endolithic biomass and respiration under elevated pCO2–temperature scenarios. Our results suggest that future projections of ocean acidification and warming will lead to increased rates of microbioerosion. However, the magnitude of bioerosion responses may depend on the structural properties of coral skeletons, with a range of implications for reef carbonate losses under warmer and more acidic oceans.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>23505093</pmid><doi>10.1111/gcb.12158</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Acids - chemistry
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Anthozoa - metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
Climate change
Cnidaria. Ctenaria
Coral reefs
coral skeleton
dissolution
endolithic algae
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Global warming
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Invertebrates
Isopora
Marine conservation
Marine ecology
Microalgae - metabolism
microbioerosion
ocean acidification and warming
Oceans and Seas
Ostreobium
Porites
Porites cylindrica
title Ocean acidification and warming scenarios increase microbioerosion of coral skeletons
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