The complement-mediated prozone effect in the Luminex single-antigen bead assay and its impact on HLA antibody determination in patient sera

Summary The Luminex xMAP system has become an important tool for HLA antibody screening and identification in sera of transplant patients. Recently, the Luminex single antigen bead assay was shown to be prone to an artefact, the so called prozone phenomenon: Sera with high titer HLA antibodies gave...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of immunogenetics 2013-06, Vol.40 (3), p.171-177
Main Authors: Weinstock, C., Schnaidt, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies - blood
Antibodies - immunology
Antigens - immunology
Complement C1 - immunology
Complement C4 - immunology
Complement System Proteins - immunology
Histocompatibility Testing - methods
Histocompatibility Testing - standards
HLA Antigens - immunology
Humans
Immunoassay - methods
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Summary:Summary The Luminex xMAP system has become an important tool for HLA antibody screening and identification in sera of transplant patients. Recently, the Luminex single antigen bead assay was shown to be prone to an artefact, the so called prozone phenomenon: Sera with high titer HLA antibodies gave negative results when tested neat, but reacted strongly positive after 1:10 dilution. We also observed such a phenomenon and found that it was most likely caused by the complement component 1 (C1) by competitively displacing the detection antibodies. In this article we review the complement‐mediated prozone effect and other mechanisms of interference with solid phase assays, and we discuss possible consequences for HLA antibody testing with the Luminex SAB assay.
ISSN:1744-3121
1744-313X
DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.2012.01147.x