Acute and embryo-larval toxicity of phenolic compounds to aquatic biota

Because of the prevalence of phenolic compounds in various types of effluents, both acute and embryo-larval bioassays were performed on eight phenolic compounds with rainbow trout, fathead minnows and Daphnia pulicaria. In flow-through bioassays, the 96-hr LC50 values for rainbow trout and fathead m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 1980-01, Vol.9 (5), p.557-568
Main Authors: DeGraeve, G M, Geiger, D L, Meyer, J S, Bergman, H L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Daphnia - drug effects
Eggs
Fishes - embryology
Fishes - physiology
Fresh Water - analysis
Larva - drug effects
Lethal Dose 50
Phenols - analysis
Phenols - toxicity
Time Factors
Trout - embryology
Trout - physiology
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Summary:Because of the prevalence of phenolic compounds in various types of effluents, both acute and embryo-larval bioassays were performed on eight phenolic compounds with rainbow trout, fathead minnows and Daphnia pulicaria. In flow-through bioassays, the 96-hr LC50 values for rainbow trout and fathead minnows ranged from < 0.1 mg/L for hydroquinone to > 100 mg/L for resorcinol. Daphnia pulicaria was consistently the least sensitive species tested as measured in 48-hr bioassays, while fathead minnows and rainbow trout varied in their relative sensitivity to phenolics as measured in 96-hr tests. Fathead minnows were more sensitive to phenol at 25 degrees C than at 14 degrees C. In embryo-larval bioassays with phenol, fathead minnow growth was significantly reduced by 2.5 mg/L phenol, while rainbow trout growth was significantly reduced by 0.20 mg/L phenol. For both species the embryo-larval effects concentration was 1.1% of the 96-hr LC50. Another embryo-larval bioassay was attempted with p-benzoquinone, a highly toxic phenolic compound found in fossil fuel processing wastewaters, which was discontinued because the compound was rapidly degraded chemically or biologically in the headtank and aquaria.
ISSN:0090-4341
1432-0703
DOI:10.1007/BF01056935