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Toxicity of a Quartz with Occluded Surfaces in a 90-Day Intratracheal Instillation Study in Rats
This 90-day study was aimed at characterizing the differences in biological activity between a crystalline ground reference quartz (DQ12) and a quartz with occluded surfaces (quartz isolate) obtained from a clay deposit formed 110 to 112 million years ago. In different test groups, rats were dosed w...
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Published in: | Inhalation toxicology 2008-01, Vol.20 (11), p.995-1008 |
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description | This 90-day study was aimed at characterizing the differences in biological activity between a crystalline ground reference quartz (DQ12) and a quartz with occluded surfaces (quartz isolate) obtained from a clay deposit formed 110 to 112 million years ago. In different test groups, rats were dosed with the same total mass and quartz level by intratracheal instillation, with a total high dose of 15.2 mg/kg (body weight, bw) or approximately 4.7 mg/rat of each quartz species in a saline suspension. The reference quartz was mixed with titanium dioxide to achieve a positive control mixture, which contained the same quartz content as in the quartz isolate. At 3 days post dosing, both quartz groups showed a significant inflammatory response based on total and differential cell counts from bronchoalveolar lavageate (BAL) analysis. At 28 and 90 days, the quartz isolate values were no longer statistically different from vehicle control group values; however, the positive control group values were approximately 12 and 65 times greater than those of the control group, respectively. After 28 days, histopathological evaluation showed moderate effects in the quartz isolate group compared to the saline control animals. These effects did not progress in severity at 90 days. In contrast, the positive control group exhibited more severe effects than the quartz isolate group and these effects showed a progression to a persistent and self-perpetuating inflammatory state. The toxicological properties of quartz particles can vary significantly dependent on their surface characteristics. Toxicity can range from a high-dose-induced, modest, transient inflammation from quartz with occluded surfaces, to a severe and persistent inflammatory state caused by ground quartz with fractured surfaces. |
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In different test groups, rats were dosed with the same total mass and quartz level by intratracheal instillation, with a total high dose of 15.2 mg/kg (body weight, bw) or approximately 4.7 mg/rat of each quartz species in a saline suspension. The reference quartz was mixed with titanium dioxide to achieve a positive control mixture, which contained the same quartz content as in the quartz isolate. At 3 days post dosing, both quartz groups showed a significant inflammatory response based on total and differential cell counts from bronchoalveolar lavageate (BAL) analysis. At 28 and 90 days, the quartz isolate values were no longer statistically different from vehicle control group values; however, the positive control group values were approximately 12 and 65 times greater than those of the control group, respectively. After 28 days, histopathological evaluation showed moderate effects in the quartz isolate group compared to the saline control animals. These effects did not progress in severity at 90 days. In contrast, the positive control group exhibited more severe effects than the quartz isolate group and these effects showed a progression to a persistent and self-perpetuating inflammatory state. The toxicological properties of quartz particles can vary significantly dependent on their surface characteristics. Toxicity can range from a high-dose-induced, modest, transient inflammation from quartz with occluded surfaces, to a severe and persistent inflammatory state caused by ground quartz with fractured surfaces.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0895-8378</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-7691</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/08958370802123903</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18788017</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Informa UK Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bentonite - toxicity ; Body Weight ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - chemistry ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology ; Instillation, Drug ; Lung - drug effects ; Lung - metabolism ; Lung - pathology ; Lymph Nodes - drug effects ; Lymph Nodes - pathology ; Male ; Organ Size ; Particle Size ; Pneumonia - chemically induced ; Pneumonia - metabolism ; Pneumonia - pathology ; Quartz - administration & dosage ; Quartz - chemistry ; Quartz - isolation & purification ; Quartz - toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surface Properties ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests ; Trachea</subject><ispartof>Inhalation toxicology, 2008-01, Vol.20 (11), p.995-1008</ispartof><rights>2008 Informa UK Ltd 2008</rights><rights>2008 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis. 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-73d1eb14f03979bd6446b5a90e022279d17b6f36e76613e62addc45f047738833</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-73d1eb14f03979bd6446b5a90e022279d17b6f36e76613e62addc45f047738833</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18788017$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Creutzenberg, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hansen, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ernst, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muhle, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oberdörster, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamilton, R.</creatorcontrib><title>Toxicity of a Quartz with Occluded Surfaces in a 90-Day Intratracheal Instillation Study in Rats</title><title>Inhalation toxicology</title><addtitle>Inhal Toxicol</addtitle><description>This 90-day study was aimed at characterizing the differences in biological activity between a crystalline ground reference quartz (DQ12) and a quartz with occluded surfaces (quartz isolate) obtained from a clay deposit formed 110 to 112 million years ago. In different test groups, rats were dosed with the same total mass and quartz level by intratracheal instillation, with a total high dose of 15.2 mg/kg (body weight, bw) or approximately 4.7 mg/rat of each quartz species in a saline suspension. The reference quartz was mixed with titanium dioxide to achieve a positive control mixture, which contained the same quartz content as in the quartz isolate. At 3 days post dosing, both quartz groups showed a significant inflammatory response based on total and differential cell counts from bronchoalveolar lavageate (BAL) analysis. At 28 and 90 days, the quartz isolate values were no longer statistically different from vehicle control group values; however, the positive control group values were approximately 12 and 65 times greater than those of the control group, respectively. After 28 days, histopathological evaluation showed moderate effects in the quartz isolate group compared to the saline control animals. These effects did not progress in severity at 90 days. In contrast, the positive control group exhibited more severe effects than the quartz isolate group and these effects showed a progression to a persistent and self-perpetuating inflammatory state. The toxicological properties of quartz particles can vary significantly dependent on their surface characteristics. Toxicity can range from a high-dose-induced, modest, transient inflammation from quartz with occluded surfaces, to a severe and persistent inflammatory state caused by ground quartz with fractured surfaces.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bentonite - toxicity</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - chemistry</subject><subject>Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology</subject><subject>Instillation, Drug</subject><subject>Lung - drug effects</subject><subject>Lung - metabolism</subject><subject>Lung - pathology</subject><subject>Lymph Nodes - drug effects</subject><subject>Lymph Nodes - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Organ Size</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Pneumonia - chemically induced</subject><subject>Pneumonia - metabolism</subject><subject>Pneumonia - pathology</subject><subject>Quartz - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Quartz - chemistry</subject><subject>Quartz - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Quartz - toxicity</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><subject>Trachea</subject><issn>0895-8378</issn><issn>1091-7691</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>0YH</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkF1rFDEUhoModq3-AG8kV95NezKZyQd6I9VqoVD64XXM5INNmZ3UJEMdf32z7EKRQoVAcsjzvhwehN4TOCIg4BiE7AXl9dmSlkqgL9CKgCQNZ5K8RKvtf1MBcYDe5HwLAAwof40OiOBCAOEr9Osm_gkmlAVHjzW-nHUqf_F9KGt8Ycw4W2fx9Zy8Ni7jMFVEQvNVL_hsKknXY9ZOj3XKJYyjLiFO-LrMdtnCV7rkt-iV12N27_b3Ifp5-u3m5EdzfvH97OTLeWN6kKXh1BI3kM4DlVwOlnUdG3otwUHbtlxawgfmKXOcMUIda7W1pus9dJxTISg9RB93vXcp_p5dLmoTsnF1p8nFOasWmJR9D_8FSQctF8AqSHagSTHn5Ly6S2Gj06IIqK1_9cR_zXzYl8_DxtnHxF54BT7vgDD5mDb6PqbRqqKXMSaf9GRCVvS5_k__xLfyy9ro5NRtnNNUDT-z3QOORaO-</recordid><startdate>20080101</startdate><enddate>20080101</enddate><creator>Creutzenberg, O.</creator><creator>Hansen, T.</creator><creator>Ernst, H.</creator><creator>Muhle, H.</creator><creator>Oberdörster, G.</creator><creator>Hamilton, R.</creator><general>Informa UK Ltd</general><general>Taylor & Francis</general><scope>0YH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7U7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080101</creationdate><title>Toxicity of a Quartz with Occluded Surfaces in a 90-Day Intratracheal Instillation Study in Rats</title><author>Creutzenberg, O. ; Hansen, T. ; Ernst, H. ; Muhle, H. ; Oberdörster, G. ; Hamilton, R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-73d1eb14f03979bd6446b5a90e022279d17b6f36e76613e62addc45f047738833</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bentonite - toxicity</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - chemistry</topic><topic>Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology</topic><topic>Instillation, Drug</topic><topic>Lung - drug effects</topic><topic>Lung - metabolism</topic><topic>Lung - pathology</topic><topic>Lymph Nodes - drug effects</topic><topic>Lymph Nodes - pathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Organ Size</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>Pneumonia - chemically induced</topic><topic>Pneumonia - metabolism</topic><topic>Pneumonia - pathology</topic><topic>Quartz - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Quartz - chemistry</topic><topic>Quartz - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Quartz - toxicity</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Surface Properties</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Toxicity Tests</topic><topic>Trachea</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Creutzenberg, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hansen, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ernst, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muhle, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oberdörster, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamilton, R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Taylor & Francis Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Inhalation toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Creutzenberg, O.</au><au>Hansen, T.</au><au>Ernst, H.</au><au>Muhle, H.</au><au>Oberdörster, G.</au><au>Hamilton, R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Toxicity of a Quartz with Occluded Surfaces in a 90-Day Intratracheal Instillation Study in Rats</atitle><jtitle>Inhalation toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Inhal Toxicol</addtitle><date>2008-01-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>995</spage><epage>1008</epage><pages>995-1008</pages><issn>0895-8378</issn><eissn>1091-7691</eissn><abstract>This 90-day study was aimed at characterizing the differences in biological activity between a crystalline ground reference quartz (DQ12) and a quartz with occluded surfaces (quartz isolate) obtained from a clay deposit formed 110 to 112 million years ago. In different test groups, rats were dosed with the same total mass and quartz level by intratracheal instillation, with a total high dose of 15.2 mg/kg (body weight, bw) or approximately 4.7 mg/rat of each quartz species in a saline suspension. The reference quartz was mixed with titanium dioxide to achieve a positive control mixture, which contained the same quartz content as in the quartz isolate. At 3 days post dosing, both quartz groups showed a significant inflammatory response based on total and differential cell counts from bronchoalveolar lavageate (BAL) analysis. At 28 and 90 days, the quartz isolate values were no longer statistically different from vehicle control group values; however, the positive control group values were approximately 12 and 65 times greater than those of the control group, respectively. After 28 days, histopathological evaluation showed moderate effects in the quartz isolate group compared to the saline control animals. These effects did not progress in severity at 90 days. In contrast, the positive control group exhibited more severe effects than the quartz isolate group and these effects showed a progression to a persistent and self-perpetuating inflammatory state. The toxicological properties of quartz particles can vary significantly dependent on their surface characteristics. Toxicity can range from a high-dose-induced, modest, transient inflammation from quartz with occluded surfaces, to a severe and persistent inflammatory state caused by ground quartz with fractured surfaces.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Informa UK Ltd</pub><pmid>18788017</pmid><doi>10.1080/08958370802123903</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Bentonite - toxicity Body Weight Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - chemistry Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology Instillation, Drug Lung - drug effects Lung - metabolism Lung - pathology Lymph Nodes - drug effects Lymph Nodes - pathology Male Organ Size Particle Size Pneumonia - chemically induced Pneumonia - metabolism Pneumonia - pathology Quartz - administration & dosage Quartz - chemistry Quartz - isolation & purification Quartz - toxicity Rats Rats, Wistar Severity of Illness Index Surface Properties Time Factors Toxicity Tests Trachea |
title | Toxicity of a Quartz with Occluded Surfaces in a 90-Day Intratracheal Instillation Study in Rats |
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