Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Intensive Medical Management for the Control of Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia: The Diabetes Surgery Study Randomized Clinical Trial

• Published in: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2013-06, Vol.309 (21), p.2240-2249
• Main Authors: Ikramuddin, Sayeed, Korner, Judith, Lee, Wei-Jei, Connett, John E, Inabnet, William B, Billington, Charles J, Thomas, Avis J, Leslie, Daniel B, Chong, Keong, Jeffery, Robert W, Ahmed, Leaque, Vella, Adrian, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Bessler, Marc, Sarr, Michael G, Swain, James M, Laqua, Patricia, Jensen, Michael D, Bantle, John P
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use; Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension; Biological and medical sciences; Blood and lymphatic vessels; Blood Glucose; Cardiology. Vascular system; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - surgery; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Female; Gastric Bypass - adverse effects; Gastrointestinal surgery; General aspects; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Hyperlipidemias - complications; Hyperlipidemias - drug therapy; Hyperlipidemias - surgery; Hypertension; Hypertension - complications; Hypertension - drug therapy; Hypertension - surgery; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Hypolipidemic Agents - therapeutic use; Life Style; Lifestyles; Male; Medical research; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Obesity - complications; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
• ISSN: 0098-7484; 1538-3598
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.5835

IMPORTANCE Controlling glycemia, blood pressure, and cholesterol is important for patients with diabetes. How best to achieve this goal is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with lifestyle and intensive medical management to achieve control of comorbid risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A 12-month, 2-group unblinded randomized trial at 4 teaching hospitals in the United States and Taiwan involving 120 participants who had a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8.0% or higher, body mass index (BMI) between 30.0 and 39.9, C peptide level of more than 1.0 ng/mL, and type 2 diabetes for at least 6 months. The study began in April 2008. INTERVENTIONS Lifestyle-intensive medical management intervention and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Medications for hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were prescribed according to protocol and surgical techniques that were standardized. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Composite goal of HbA1c less than 7.0%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol less than 100 mg/dL, and systolic blood pressure less than 130 mm Hg. RESULTS All 120 patients received the intensive lifestyle-medical management protocol and 60 were randomly assigned to undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. After 12-months, 28 participants (49%; 95% CI, 36%-63%) in the gastric bypass group and 11 (19%; 95% CI, 10%-32%) in the lifestyle-medical management group achieved the primary end points (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% CI, 1.9-11.7). Participants in the gastric bypass group required 3.0 fewer medications (mean, 1.7 vs 4.8; 95% CI for the difference, 2.3-3.6) and lost 26.1% vs 7.9% of their initial body weigh compared with the lifestyle-medical management group (difference, 17.5%; 95% CI, 14.2%-20.7%). Regression analyses indicated that achieving the composite end point was primarily attributable to weight loss. There were 22 serious adverse events in the gastric bypass group, including 1 cardiovascular event, and 15 in the lifestyle-medical management group. There were 4 perioperative complications and 6 late postoperative complications. The gastric bypass group experienced more nutritional deficiency than the lifestyle-medical management group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In mild to moderately obese patients with type 2 diabetes, adding gastric bypass surgery to lifestyle and medical management was associated with a greater likelihood of achieving the composite goal. Potential benefits of adding gastric bypass surgery to the best lifestyle