Mechanism of cell fate choice between neural and mesodermal development during early embryogenesis

During early embryogenesis, Sox2 expression distinguishes the neural plate from other embryonic domains, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the activation of the Sox2 gene is highly relevant to the development of this tissue. At the earliest stages of neural plate development, the Sox2 enhance...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Congenital anomalies 2013-06, Vol.53 (2), p.61-66
Main Author: Takemoto, Tatsuya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
axial stem cell
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - genetics
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cellular biology
Chickens
Embryonic Development
Fibroblast Growth Factors - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Medical research
Mesoderm - growth & development
Mesoderm - metabolism
Mice
neural plate
Neural Plate - growth & development
Neural Plate - metabolism
Proteins
Signal Transduction - genetics
Sox2
SOXB1 Transcription Factors - genetics
SOXB1 Transcription Factors - metabolism
Stem cells
Tbx6
Wnt
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Summary:During early embryogenesis, Sox2 expression distinguishes the neural plate from other embryonic domains, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the activation of the Sox2 gene is highly relevant to the development of this tissue. At the earliest stages of neural plate development, the Sox2 enhancer N1 regulates Sox2 expression in the extending posterior end of the neural plate. The N1 enhancer is initially activated in the axial stem cells, bipotential precursors of both neural and mesodermal lineages, therefore the activation does not immediately lead to Sox2 expression. A population of axial stem cells that remains in the superficial layer starts expressing Sox2, whereas another population that migrates through the primitive streak loses the N1 activity and becomes mesoderm. Multiple signaling cascades and transcription factors, including Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Tbx6, are responsible for the regulation of Sox2 expression in axial stem cells to guide the development of the posterior neural plate and paraxial mesoderm.
ISSN:0914-3505
1741-4520
DOI:10.1111/cga.12017