Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates endothelial differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells via Rho/myocardin-related transcription factor-A signaling pathway

• Published in: The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2013-07, Vol.45 (7), p.1447-1456
• Main Authors: Wang, Nan, Zhang, Rui, Wang, Shui-Jing, Zhang, Chun-Ling, Mao, Li-Bin, Zhuang, Chun-Yu, Tang, Yan-Yang, Luo, Xue-Gang, Zhou, Hao, Zhang, Tong-Cun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ADP Ribose Transferases; Amides; angiogenesis; Animals; Bone Marrow Cells - metabolism; Bones; Botulinum Toxins; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Cellular differentiation; Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 - biosynthesis; Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 - genetics; Endothelial cells; Endothelial Cells - metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B; Humans; Male; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; mutation; Myocardin-related transcription factor-A; Neovascularization, Pathologic - metabolism; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; rho-Associated Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors; rho-Associated Kinases - metabolism; RhoA; Ribonucleoproteins; Signal Transduction; stem cells; Transcription Factors - antagonists & inhibitors; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; Up-Regulation; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism; vascular endothelial growth factors
• ISSN: 1357-2725; 1878-5875
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent progenitors that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the major factors of initiating and regulating angiogenesis. It has been reported that VEGF can induce MSCs differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs). However, the mechanism that VEGF-induced MSC differentiation is not completely understood. Here, we showed that VEGF induced human and rat bone marrow-derived MSCs differentiation to ECs. Rho family plays an important role in VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Our results indicated that in MSCs, VEGF activated Rho/ROCK signaling pathway and promoted nuclear translocation of myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A), which is controlled by Rho/ROCK signaling. In addition, Rho inhibitor C3 transferase, ROCK inhibitor Y27632 or depletion of endogenous MRTF-A abolished the VEGF-induced differentiation of MSCs into ECs. Furthermore, VEGF also enhanced the expression levels of CYR61/CCN1, as a regulator of vascular development and angiogenesis, and knockdown of endogenous MRTF-A reduced VEGF-induced the upregulation of CYR61/CCN1. Report assays with site-direct mutation analysis of CYR61/CCN1 promoter demonstrated that MRTF-A transactivated CYR61/CCN1 promoter mainly depending on CArG box. In this study, we identify the Rho/MRTF-A signaling pathway as a main actor in controlling VEGF-induced differentiation of human and rat bone marrow-derived MSCs into endothelial cells.