Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat

The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesterification have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesterification of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD)...

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Published in:Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 2011-02, Vol.88 (2), p.283-288
Main Authors: Boey, Peng-Lim, Maniam, Gaanty Pragas, Hamid, Shafida Abd, Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Animal productions
Biodiesel
Biodiesel fuels
Biological and medical sciences
Biomaterials
Biotechnology
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chicken fat
Chickens
Cockle shell
Cold
Crab shell
Decapoda
Esters
Fat industries
Food industries
Food Science
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Methyl ester
Moisture content
Molecular weight
Oils & fats
Original Paper
Poultry
Scanning electron microscopy
Standard deviation
Terrestrial animal productions
Transesterification
Vertebrates
Waste materials
X-ray diffraction
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creator Boey, Peng-Lim
Maniam, Gaanty Pragas
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description The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesterification have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesterification of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) results show that, upon thermal activation, both shells transformed into CaO, the active ingredient that catalyzes the reaction. In addition, the catalytic performance of individual shells as well as the combination of both shells in various ratios was similar. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 4.9 wt% catalyst amount and 0.55:1 methanol to oil mass ratio, methyl esters conversion above 98% was achieved in 3 h. The chicken fat methyl esters that were produced were found to meet several key specifications of biodiesel based on EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 test procedures.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11746-010-1660-4
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subjects Agriculture
Animal productions
Biodiesel
Biodiesel fuels
Biological and medical sciences
Biomaterials
Biotechnology
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chicken fat
Chickens
Cockle shell
Cold
Crab shell
Decapoda
Esters
Fat industries
Food industries
Food Science
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Methyl ester
Moisture content
Molecular weight
Oils & fats
Original Paper
Poultry
Scanning electron microscopy
Standard deviation
Terrestrial animal productions
Transesterification
Vertebrates
Waste materials
X-ray diffraction
title Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
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