Early Versus Later Presentations of Venous Malformations: Where and Why?

Venous malformations (VMs) are congenital anomalies of the venous vasculature, but not all are evident at birth. The factors that lead to presentation later in life are not well understood. The objective of this retrospective cohort study of patients with VMs evaluated at the University of Californi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric dermatology 2013-09, Vol.30 (5), p.534-540
Main Authors: Vogel, Sinae A., Hess, Christopher P., Dowd, Christopher F., Hoffman, William Y., Kane, Ari J., Rajaii, Roxanne, Frieden, Ilona J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age Distribution
Aged
Child
Child, Preschool
Disease Progression
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Middle Aged
Morbidity
Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply
Muscle, Skeletal - pathology
Phlebitis - epidemiology
Phlebitis - pathology
Retrospective Studies
Skin - blood supply
Skin - pathology
Subcutaneous Tissue - blood supply
Subcutaneous Tissue - pathology
Vascular Malformations - epidemiology
Vascular Malformations - pathology
Veins - abnormalities
Young Adult
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Summary:Venous malformations (VMs) are congenital anomalies of the venous vasculature, but not all are evident at birth. The factors that lead to presentation later in life are not well understood. The objective of this retrospective cohort study of patients with VMs evaluated at the University of California at San Francisco Birthmarks and Vascular Anomalies Center from 2005 to 2009 was to investigate the clinical presentation of VMs and correlate these features with different types of tissues (e.g., skin, subcutis, intramuscular). Main outcomes included the age at which lesions were first noticed, tissue type involved, presenting signs and symptoms, aggravating factors, and morbidities. A total of 115 subjects was included. The mean age when VM was first noted was 6.7 ± 0.9 years. Tissue types involved included skin/subcutaneous (46%); intramuscular (40%); and bone, tendon, or joint (14%). Presenting signs/symptoms included soft tissue swelling (44%), discrete mass (34%), pain (33%), and skin discoloration (26%). When compared with VMs limited to the skin or subcutis, those restricted to the intramuscular compartment were less likely to present at birth (27% vs 53%, p 
ISSN:0736-8046
1525-1470
DOI:10.1111/pde.12162