Ecophysiological role and function of uncultured Chloroflexi in an anammox reactor

The coexistence of uncultured heterotrophic bacteria belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi has often been observed in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactors fed with synthetic nutrient medium without organic carbon compounds. To determine if coexisting Chloroflexi in anammox reactors scavenge...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2012-01, Vol.66 (12), p.2556-2561
Main Authors: Kindaichi, Tomonori, Yuri, Shota, Ozaki, Noriatsu, Ohashi, Akiyoshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia - metabolism
Ammonium
Ammonium compounds
Anaerobiosis
Autoradiography
Bacteria
Biofilms
Bioreactors
Bioreactors - microbiology
Carbon compounds
Carbon Isotopes
Cells
Chloroflexi
Chloroflexi - growth & development
Chloroflexi - physiology
Clones
Ecological and Environmental Phenomena
Ecophysiology
Fluorescence
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Glucosamine
Heterotrophic bacteria
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Isotope Labeling
Microorganisms
Mineral nutrients
Molecular Sequence Data
N-Acetylglucosamine
Nitrogen - analysis
Organic carbon
Organic compounds
Organic matter
Oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Phylogeny
Reactors
Sucrose
Sugar
Uptake
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Summary:The coexistence of uncultured heterotrophic bacteria belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi has often been observed in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactors fed with synthetic nutrient medium without organic carbon compounds. To determine if coexisting Chloroflexi in anammox reactors scavenge organic matter derived from anammox bacterial cells, the present study was conducted to investigate the substrate uptake pattern of the uncultured Chloroflexi present in an anammox reactor and to clarify if they take up microbial products derived from anammox bacterial cells. To accomplish this, combined microautoradiography and fluorescence in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH) was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 36% of the clones analyzed in this study were affiliated with Chloroflexi. The sequence similarities to Anaerolinea thermophila and Caldilinea aerophila within the phylum Chloroflexi were only 81.0-88.7% and 80.3-83.8%, respectively. The uncultured Chloroflexi were found to incorporate sucrose, glucose, and N-acetyl-glucosamine. The (14)C-tracing experiment revealed that the uncultured Chloroflexi were clearly MAR-positive, indicating the utilization of decaying anammox bacterial cell materials. Taken together, these results indicate that coexisting uncultured Chloroflexi in anammox reactors scavenge organic compounds derived from anammox bacterial cells.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2012.479