Ultrasound assisted the preparation of 1-butoxy-4-nitrobenzene under a new multi-site phase-transfer catalyst – Kinetic study

•A new multi-site phase-transfer catalyst was used for the preparation of 1-butoxy-4-nitrophenol.•Different frequency of ultrasound irradiation was tested.•A suitable reaction mechanism was proposed for this reaction. In this work, a detailed kinetic investigation of n-butylation of 4-nitrophenol wi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ultrasonics sonochemistry 2014-01, Vol.21 (1), p.208-215
Main Authors: Harikumar, Kuppuswamy, Rajendran, Venugopal
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
4-Nitrophenol
Catalysis
Chemistry
Exact sciences and technology
General and physical chemistry
Interfacial reaction
Kinetics
MPTC
n-Butyl bromide
Physical chemistry of induced reactions (with radiations, particles and ultrasonics)
Sonochemistry
Surface physical chemistry
Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry
Ultrasonic chemistry
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:•A new multi-site phase-transfer catalyst was used for the preparation of 1-butoxy-4-nitrophenol.•Different frequency of ultrasound irradiation was tested.•A suitable reaction mechanism was proposed for this reaction. In this work, a detailed kinetic investigation of n-butylation of 4-nitrophenol with n-butyl bromide under a new multi-site phase-transfer catalyzed reaction is reported. The reaction was carried out in bi-phase medium at 65°C under ultrasonic condition. In the present research work deals with the preparation of 1-butoxy-4-nitrobenzene was successfully carried out by 4-nitrophenol with n-butyl bromide using aqueous potassium carbonate and catalyzed by a new multi-site phase-transfer catalyst (MPTC) viz., N1,N4-diethyl-N1,N1,N4,N4-tetraisopropylbutane-1,4-diammonium dibromide, under ultrasonic (40kHz, 300W) assisted organic solvent condition. The pseudo first-order kinetic equation was applied to describe the overall reaction. Under ultrasound irradiation (40kHz, 300W) in a batch reactor, it shows that the overall reaction greatly enhanced with ultrasound irradiation than without ultrasound. The present study provides a method to synthesize nitro aromatic ethers by ultrasound assisted liquid–liquid multi-site phase-transfer catalysis condition.
ISSN:1350-4177
1873-2828
DOI:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.07.016