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Increased muscle fatty acid oxidation in dairy cows with intensive body fat mobilization during early lactation

The beginning of lactation requires huge metabolic adaptations to meet increased energy demands for milk production of dairy cows. One of the adaptations is the mobilization of body reserves mainly from adipose tissue as reflected by increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. T...

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Published in:Journal of dairy science 2013-10, Vol.96 (10), p.6449-6460
Main Authors: Schäff, C., Börner, S., Hacke, S., Kautzsch, U., Sauerwein, H., Spachmann, S.K., Schweigel-Röntgen, M., Hammon, H.M., Kuhla, B.
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creator Schäff, C.
Börner, S.
Hacke, S.
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Hammon, H.M.
Kuhla, B.
description The beginning of lactation requires huge metabolic adaptations to meet increased energy demands for milk production of dairy cows. One of the adaptations is the mobilization of body reserves mainly from adipose tissue as reflected by increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. The capacity of the liver for complete oxidation of NEFA is limited, leading to an increased formation of ketone bodies, reesterification, and accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. As the skeletal muscle also may oxidize fatty acids, it may help to decrease the fatty acid load on the liver. To test this hypothesis, 19 German Holstein cows were weekly blood sampled from 7wk before until 5wk after parturition to analyze plasma NEFA concentrations. Liver biopsies were obtained at d 3, 18, and 30 after parturition and, based on the mean liver fat content, cows were grouped to the 10 highest (HI) and 9 lowest (LO). In addition, muscle biopsies were obtained at d −17, 3, and 30 relative to parturition and used to quantify mRNA abundance of genes involved in fatty acid degradation. Plasma NEFA concentrations peaked after parturition and were 1.5-fold higher in HI than LO cows. Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α and β mRNA was upregulated in early lactation. The mRNA abundance of muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) increased in early lactation and was higher in HI than in LO cows, whereas the abundance of PPARA continuously decreased after parturition. The mRNA abundance of muscle PPARD, uncoupling protein 3, and the β-oxidative enzymes 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA was greatest at d 3 after parturition, whereas the abundance of PPARγ coactivator 1α decreased after parturition. Our results indicate that around parturition, oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle is highly activated, which may contribute to diminish the fatty acid load on the liver. The decline in muscle fatty acid oxidation within the first 4wk of lactation accompanied with increased feed intake refer to greater supply of ruminally derived acetate, which as the preferred fuel of the muscle, saves long-chain fatty acids for milk fat production.
doi_str_mv 10.3168/jds.2013-6812
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One of the adaptations is the mobilization of body reserves mainly from adipose tissue as reflected by increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. The capacity of the liver for complete oxidation of NEFA is limited, leading to an increased formation of ketone bodies, reesterification, and accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. As the skeletal muscle also may oxidize fatty acids, it may help to decrease the fatty acid load on the liver. To test this hypothesis, 19 German Holstein cows were weekly blood sampled from 7wk before until 5wk after parturition to analyze plasma NEFA concentrations. Liver biopsies were obtained at d 3, 18, and 30 after parturition and, based on the mean liver fat content, cows were grouped to the 10 highest (HI) and 9 lowest (LO). In addition, muscle biopsies were obtained at d −17, 3, and 30 relative to parturition and used to quantify mRNA abundance of genes involved in fatty acid degradation. Plasma NEFA concentrations peaked after parturition and were 1.5-fold higher in HI than LO cows. Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α and β mRNA was upregulated in early lactation. The mRNA abundance of muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) increased in early lactation and was higher in HI than in LO cows, whereas the abundance of PPARA continuously decreased after parturition. The mRNA abundance of muscle PPARD, uncoupling protein 3, and the β-oxidative enzymes 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA was greatest at d 3 after parturition, whereas the abundance of PPARγ coactivator 1α decreased after parturition. Our results indicate that around parturition, oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle is highly activated, which may contribute to diminish the fatty acid load on the liver. The decline in muscle fatty acid oxidation within the first 4wk of lactation accompanied with increased feed intake refer to greater supply of ruminally derived acetate, which as the preferred fuel of the muscle, saves long-chain fatty acids for milk fat production.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0302</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3198</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6812</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23910553</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>acetates ; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase ; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain - genetics ; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain - metabolism ; adipose tissue ; Adipose Tissue - metabolism ; Animals ; blood ; body fat ; carnitine palmitoyltransferase ; Cattle ; dairy cow ; dairy cows ; early lactation ; energy ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism ; feed intake ; Female ; free fatty acids ; Gene Expression ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; Holstein ; ketone bodies ; lactation ; Lactation - physiology ; lipid content ; Lipid Metabolism - physiology ; Lipolysis ; liver ; Liver - metabolism ; long chain fatty acids ; messenger RNA ; milk fat ; milk production ; muscle fatty acid oxidation ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; muscles ; oxidation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Parturition ; PPAR gamma - genetics ; PPAR gamma - metabolism ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; skeletal muscle ; transition period ; triacylglycerols ; Triglycerides - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Journal of dairy science, 2013-10, Vol.96 (10), p.6449-6460</ispartof><rights>2013 American Dairy Science Association</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-4e325314e955fc9093105f28ea08a99f69f364c6ac658261a82ee680c8179a8d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-4e325314e955fc9093105f28ea08a99f69f364c6ac658261a82ee680c8179a8d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030213005328$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3549,27924,27925,45780</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23910553$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schäff, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Börner, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hacke, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kautzsch, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sauerwein, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spachmann, S.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schweigel-Röntgen, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammon, H.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuhla, B.</creatorcontrib><title>Increased muscle fatty acid oxidation in dairy cows with intensive body fat mobilization during early lactation</title><title>Journal of dairy science</title><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><description>The beginning of lactation requires huge metabolic adaptations to meet increased energy demands for milk production of dairy cows. One of the adaptations is the mobilization of body reserves mainly from adipose tissue as reflected by increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. The capacity of the liver for complete oxidation of NEFA is limited, leading to an increased formation of ketone bodies, reesterification, and accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. As the skeletal muscle also may oxidize fatty acids, it may help to decrease the fatty acid load on the liver. To test this hypothesis, 19 German Holstein cows were weekly blood sampled from 7wk before until 5wk after parturition to analyze plasma NEFA concentrations. Liver biopsies were obtained at d 3, 18, and 30 after parturition and, based on the mean liver fat content, cows were grouped to the 10 highest (HI) and 9 lowest (LO). In addition, muscle biopsies were obtained at d −17, 3, and 30 relative to parturition and used to quantify mRNA abundance of genes involved in fatty acid degradation. 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Börner, S. ; Hacke, S. ; Kautzsch, U. ; Sauerwein, H. ; Spachmann, S.K. ; Schweigel-Röntgen, M. ; Hammon, H.M. ; Kuhla, B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-4e325314e955fc9093105f28ea08a99f69f364c6ac658261a82ee680c8179a8d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>acetates</topic><topic>acyl-CoA dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain - genetics</topic><topic>Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain - metabolism</topic><topic>adipose tissue</topic><topic>Adipose Tissue - metabolism</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>blood</topic><topic>body fat</topic><topic>carnitine palmitoyltransferase</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>dairy cow</topic><topic>dairy cows</topic><topic>early lactation</topic><topic>energy</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism</topic><topic>feed intake</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>free fatty acids</topic><topic>Gene Expression</topic><topic>gene expression regulation</topic><topic>genes</topic><topic>Holstein</topic><topic>ketone bodies</topic><topic>lactation</topic><topic>Lactation - physiology</topic><topic>lipid content</topic><topic>Lipid Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>Lipolysis</topic><topic>liver</topic><topic>Liver - metabolism</topic><topic>long chain fatty acids</topic><topic>messenger RNA</topic><topic>milk fat</topic><topic>milk production</topic><topic>muscle fatty acid oxidation</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>muscles</topic><topic>oxidation</topic><topic>Oxidation-Reduction</topic><topic>Parturition</topic><topic>PPAR gamma - genetics</topic><topic>PPAR gamma - metabolism</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</topic><topic>skeletal muscle</topic><topic>transition period</topic><topic>triacylglycerols</topic><topic>Triglycerides - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schäff, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Börner, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hacke, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kautzsch, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sauerwein, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spachmann, S.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schweigel-Röntgen, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammon, H.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuhla, B.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schäff, C.</au><au>Börner, S.</au><au>Hacke, S.</au><au>Kautzsch, U.</au><au>Sauerwein, H.</au><au>Spachmann, S.K.</au><au>Schweigel-Röntgen, M.</au><au>Hammon, H.M.</au><au>Kuhla, B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increased muscle fatty acid oxidation in dairy cows with intensive body fat mobilization during early lactation</atitle><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><date>2013-10-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>96</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>6449</spage><epage>6460</epage><pages>6449-6460</pages><issn>0022-0302</issn><eissn>1525-3198</eissn><abstract>The beginning of lactation requires huge metabolic adaptations to meet increased energy demands for milk production of dairy cows. One of the adaptations is the mobilization of body reserves mainly from adipose tissue as reflected by increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. The capacity of the liver for complete oxidation of NEFA is limited, leading to an increased formation of ketone bodies, reesterification, and accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. As the skeletal muscle also may oxidize fatty acids, it may help to decrease the fatty acid load on the liver. To test this hypothesis, 19 German Holstein cows were weekly blood sampled from 7wk before until 5wk after parturition to analyze plasma NEFA concentrations. Liver biopsies were obtained at d 3, 18, and 30 after parturition and, based on the mean liver fat content, cows were grouped to the 10 highest (HI) and 9 lowest (LO). In addition, muscle biopsies were obtained at d −17, 3, and 30 relative to parturition and used to quantify mRNA abundance of genes involved in fatty acid degradation. Plasma NEFA concentrations peaked after parturition and were 1.5-fold higher in HI than LO cows. Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α and β mRNA was upregulated in early lactation. The mRNA abundance of muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) increased in early lactation and was higher in HI than in LO cows, whereas the abundance of PPARA continuously decreased after parturition. The mRNA abundance of muscle PPARD, uncoupling protein 3, and the β-oxidative enzymes 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA was greatest at d 3 after parturition, whereas the abundance of PPARγ coactivator 1α decreased after parturition. Our results indicate that around parturition, oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle is highly activated, which may contribute to diminish the fatty acid load on the liver. The decline in muscle fatty acid oxidation within the first 4wk of lactation accompanied with increased feed intake refer to greater supply of ruminally derived acetate, which as the preferred fuel of the muscle, saves long-chain fatty acids for milk fat production.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>23910553</pmid><doi>10.3168/jds.2013-6812</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects acetates
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain - genetics
Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain - metabolism
adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Animals
blood
body fat
carnitine palmitoyltransferase
Cattle
dairy cow
dairy cows
early lactation
energy
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism
feed intake
Female
free fatty acids
Gene Expression
gene expression regulation
genes
Holstein
ketone bodies
lactation
Lactation - physiology
lipid content
Lipid Metabolism - physiology
Lipolysis
liver
Liver - metabolism
long chain fatty acids
messenger RNA
milk fat
milk production
muscle fatty acid oxidation
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
muscles
oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Parturition
PPAR gamma - genetics
PPAR gamma - metabolism
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
skeletal muscle
transition period
triacylglycerols
Triglycerides - metabolism
title Increased muscle fatty acid oxidation in dairy cows with intensive body fat mobilization during early lactation
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