Moderate Exercise Training Induces ROS-Related Adaptations to Skeletal Muscles

• Published in: International journal of sports medicine 2013-08, Vol.34 (8), p.676-687
• Main Authors: Abruzzo, P. M., Esposito, F., Marchionni, C., di Tullio, S., Belia, S., Fulle, S., Veicsteinas, A., Marini, M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological - physiology; Animals; Antioxidants - metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Calcium - metabolism; Cell Proliferation; Desmin - genetics; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics; Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology; Male; Medical sciences; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Myoblasts - metabolism; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Physical Education and Training; Physiology & Biochemistry; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II - genetics; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - physiology; Up-Regulation; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
• ISSN: 0172-4622; 1439-3964
• DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323782

Abstract Aim of the present work was the evaluation of the effects of moderate exercise training on 2 skeletal muscles differing in fibre-type composition, Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Soleus (SOL). Fibre adaptations, including their metabolic shift and mechanisms underlying proliferation and differentiation, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant and cytoprotective molecules, activity of Ca 2+ -handling molecules were examined. 6 male 2-month-old rats trained on a treadmill for 1 h/day, 3 days/week, for 14 weeks, reaching 30 m/min at the end of training. 6 age-matched sedentary rats served as controls. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last training session. Muscle regulatory factors increased in both muscles, activating satellite cell proliferation, which led to moderate hypertrophy in SOL and to moderate hyperplasia in TA, where the upregulation of desmin and TNFR2 expression suggests that myotube formation by proliferating myoblasts is somehow delayed. Changes leading to a more oxidative metabolism together with the upregulation of a number of antioxidant enzymes occurred in TA. HSP70i protein was upregulated in both SOL and TA, while oxidative stress markers increased in SOL alone. The status of ionic channels and pumps was preserved. We suggest that the increase in ROS, known to be associated with exercise, underlies most observed results.