Physical Properties of Binary Liquid Systems: Ethanoic Acid/Propanoic Acid/Butanoic Acid with Cresols

• Published in: Journal of solution chemistry 2013-06, Vol.42 (5), p.945-966
• Main Authors: Ahluwalia, R., Gupta, Ritu, Vashisht, J. L., Wanchoo, R. K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Binary mixtures; Binary systems; Butanoic acid; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Condensed Matter Physics; Empirical analysis; Geochemistry; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Inorganic Chemistry; Liquids; Mathematical models; Oceanography; Physical Chemistry; Surface tension; Viscosity
• ISSN: 0095-9782; 1572-8927
• DOI: 10.1007/s10953-013-0001-2

Density, viscosity and surface tension of nine binary liquid systems: ethanoic acid, propanoic acid and butanoic acid with o -cresol, m -cresol and p -cresol have been determined at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K over the complete compositional range. From the experimental results the excess values of molar volume ( V E ), viscosity ( η E ), Gibbs free energy for the activation of flow (Δ G E ) and surface tension ( σ E ) were evaluated. The excess values were fitted to the Redlich–Kister type equation using a nonlinear regression technique. The Grunberg–Nissan parameter, d , was also calculated. From the sign and magnitude of the V E , η E , Δ G E , σ E , and d values, it is concluded that specific interactions are present in all of the nine binary mixtures under study. V E is negative for carboxylic acid–cresol mixtures at all temperatures and over the entire composition range. The values of η E , Δ G E and σ E are positive over the whole range of composition and increase with increasing temperature at a constant mole fraction of the carboxylic acid, confirming the existence of specific interactions in these binary mixtures. Further, the viscosity data of the binary systems were fitted to various theoretical/empirical models. The binary viscosity data is well represented by the Auslander model. Surface tension data were fitted to various theoretical/empirical models. The binary mixture surface tension data are well represented by the model given by Zihao and Jufu.