Environmental surveillance of enterovirus in Northern India using an integrated shell vial culture with a semi-nested RT PCR and partial sequencing of the VP1 gene

• Published in: Journal of medical virology 2013-03, Vol.85 (3), p.505-511
• Main Authors: Shukla, Deepti, Kumar, Arvind, Srivastava, Shalini, Idris, Mohammad Z., Dhole, Tapan N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; cell line; Cluster Analysis; Coxsackievirus B3; Disease transmission; Echovirus 19; Enterovirus - classification; Enterovirus - genetics; Enterovirus - isolation & purification; Epidemiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genotype; Human viral diseases; Humans; India; Infectious diseases; Medical sciences; Microbiology; Miscellaneous; Molecular Sequence Data; molecular typing; phylogenetic analysis; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Polymerase chain reaction; Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods; RNA, Viral - genetics; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage - virology; Viral diseases; Viral Structural Proteins - genetics; Virology; Virology - methods; Virus Cultivation - methods; wild poliovirus
• ISSN: 0146-6615; 1096-9071
• DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23441

Enteroviruses have been reported in epidemic form during last 10 years in northern India. Environmental surveillance of sewage is the method of choice in limited resources countries for detection of enterovirus serotypes circulating in the community. Twenty‐four sewage samples collected between January, 2009 and December, 2010 were tested for enterovirus by using a new modified integrated shell vial culture (ISVC) with a semi‐nested RT‐PCR of a partial VP1 gene and virus isolation integrated with semi‐nested RT‐PCR of a partial VP1 gene. Twenty‐one (87.5%) out of 24 samples were positive for enterovirus by the conventional method and all samples (100%) by the ISVC–RT‐PCR. The additional positive samples detected by ISVC–RT‐PCR was typed as six different enterovirus serotypes (Sabin poliovirus 3, Coxsackievirus B3, Coxsackievirus A13, Coxsackievirus A17, Echovirus 33, and Enterovirus 75). Phylogenetic analysis of a partial VP1 gene of Echovirus 19 showed that one genetic lineage clustered with isolates from Georgia suggesting their importation into northern India. Detection of wild poliovirus in the absence of clinical cases with 16 different co‐circulating enterovirus serotypes supports the need of increased molecular surveillance of sewage. Rapid identification and characterization of enterovirus serotypes is necessary to study their transmission and evolution in different geographical regions to prevent future outbreak. J. Med. Virol. 85:505–511, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.