Macrophage polarization following chitosan implantation

Abstract Macrophages are a key cell in the host response to implants and can be polarized into different phenotypes capable of inducing both detrimental and beneficial outcomes in tissue repair and remodeling, being important in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The objective of this stu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomaterials 2013-12, Vol.34 (38), p.9952-9959
Main Authors: Vasconcelos, Daniela P, Fonseca, Ana C, Costa, Madalena, Amaral, Isabel F, Barbosa, Mário A, Águas, Artur P, Barbosa, Judite N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Advanced Basic Science
Animals
Chitosan
Chitosan - chemistry
Dentistry
Flow Cytometry
Inflammation
Inflammation - metabolism
Interleukin-4 - metabolism
Interleukin-6 - metabolism
In vivo studies
Macrophage polarization
Macrophages - cytology
Macrophages - metabolism
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Microscopy, Confocal
Tissue Engineering - methods
Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
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Summary:Abstract Macrophages are a key cell in the host response to implants and can be polarized into different phenotypes capable of inducing both detrimental and beneficial outcomes in tissue repair and remodeling, being important in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the macrophage response to 3D porous chitosan (Ch) scaffolds with different degrees of acetylation (DA, 5% and 15%). The M1/M2 phenotypic polarization profile of macrophages was investigated in vivo using a rodent air-pouch model. Our results show that the DA affects the macrophage response. Ch scaffolds with DA 5% induced the adhesion of lower numbers of inflammatory cells, being the M2 the predominant phenotypic profile among the adherent macrophages. In the inflammatory exudates F4/80+ /CD206+ cells (M2 macrophages) appeared in higher numbers then F4/80+ /CCR7+ cells (M1 macrophages), in addition, lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines together with higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were found. Ch scaffolds with DA 15% showed opposite results, since M1 were the predominant macrophages both adherent to the scaffold and in the exudates, together with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Ch scaffolds with DA 5% induced a benign M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage response, whereas Ch scaffolds with DA 15% caused a macrophage M1 pro-inflammatory response.
ISSN:0142-9612
1878-5905
DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.012