Formation and identification of PAHs metabolites in marine organisms

• Published in: Marine environmental research 2013-10, Vol.91, p.2-13
• Main Authors: Sette, Carla B., Pedrete, Thaís de A., Felizzola, Juliana, Nudi, Adriana H., Scofield, Arthur de L., Wagener, Angela de L.R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Aquatic Organisms - chemistry; Aquatic Organisms - metabolism; Barra de Guaratiba mangrove; bile; Bile - chemistry; Bioassay; Brachyura - chemistry; Brachyura - metabolism; Chromatography, Liquid; Crab; crabs; epoxides; Fish; Fishes - metabolism; Genidens genidens; Guanabara Bay; laboratory experimentation; Liquid chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); Mass Spectrometry; metabolites; Micropogonias furnieri; Mugil liza; PAHs Metabolites; phenanthrene; Phenanthrenes - analysis; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - metabolism; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - urine; Pyrenes - analysis; Ucides cordatus; urine; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - urine
• ISSN: 0141-1136; 1879-0291
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.004

In this study, the development of the technique APCI+ LC/MS/MS allowed the detection of phenanthrene, pyrene and metabolites of alkyl homologs in fish bile (in situ) and in urine of crabs. Laboratory experiments were carried out exposing crabs from an unpolluted mangrove (Barra de Guaratiba) to phenanthrene, and to the alkylated homologs 1-methyl phenanthrene and 2,6,9-trimethyl phenanthrene. Urine samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Fishes were captured from strategic sites from Guanabara Bay. Hydroxylated metabolites of phenanthrene, epoxides, orthoquinone and glucoside conjugates were identified in both samples. The method APCI+ LC/MS/MS showed to be effective in a preliminary assessment of phenanthrene metabolite formation, although the low concentrations of 1-methyl phenanthene and 2,6,9-trimethyl phenanthrene did not allow a systematic evaluation of data. The method, however, proved to be excellent tool for studies of PAHs metabolites due to the high selectivity, sensitivity and separation attained. ► The present work developed a method to identify phenanthrene and pyrene metabolites by LC/MS/MS. ► We worked with fish samples in situ and crabs in laboratory. ► The formation of different metabolites were examinated in two matrix. ► LC/MS/MS proved an excellent tool to determinate phenanthrene metabolites in fish bile and crabs urine.