Responses of Red-Osier Dogwood to Oil Sands Tailings Treated with Gypsum or Alum

• Published in: Journal of environmental quality 2003-05, Vol.32 (3), p.1008-1014
• Main Authors: Redfield, E, Croser, C, Zwiazek, J.J, MacKinnon, M.D, Qualizza, C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alum Compounds - chemistry; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Applied sciences; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Availability; Calcium Sulfate - chemistry; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; Cornus - chemistry; Cornus - physiology; Decontamination. Miscellaneous; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environmental degradation: ecosystems survey and restoration; Exact sciences and technology; Fossil Fuels; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gypsum; Hydrocarbons - isolation & purification; Hydrogen sulfide; Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis; Mine tailings; Oil sands; Oxygen; Peat; Pollution; Pollution, environment geology; Pore water; Porosity; Reclamation; Revegetation; Seedlings; Seedlings - growth & development; Silicon Dioxide; Soil and sediments pollution; Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification; Substrates; Water chemistry; Water treatment
• ISSN: 0047-2425; 1537-2537
• DOI: 10.2134/jeq2003.1008

The application of composite or consolidated tailings (CT) technology provides Alberta's oil sands industry with a means of reducing the volume of the fines fraction in extraction tailings and allows for faster reclamation and revegetation of mining sites. This study examined the effects of coagulant aids (gypsum and alum), used in the production of CT, on the ion content, growth, and survival of greenhouse-grown red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L. subsp. sericea). Seedlings were planted in gypsum-CT and alum-CT substrates, and compared with those planted in reclamation material (salvaged peat and till). The seedlings were bottom-watered with one of the following: (i) Hoagland mineral solution prepared in deionized water (Epstein, 1972); (ii) Hoagland solution in gypsum-based CT release water; or (iii) Hoagland solution in alum-based CT release water. Pore water of CT substrates and CT release waters had similar chemical characteristics, including salinity levels. However, plants in CT substrates had higher concentrations of ions (particularly Na and B), reduced growth, and higher mortality than plants in reclamation material and treated with CT waters. The presence of H2S indicated low-oxygen conditions in the CT substrates, while in the reclamation materials with CT release water treatments, no evidence of sulfides was observed. Low-oxygen conditions in the CT substrate treatments may have interfered with plant exclusion mechanisms for Na and B. Therefore, substrate properties may modify responses of reclamation plants to pore water chemistry due to the effects on oxygen availability to roots.