Production and processing of organically grown fiber nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and its potential use in the natural textile industry: A review

• Published in: American journal of alternative agriculture 2003-09, Vol.18 (3), p.119-128
• Main Authors: Vogl, C.R., Hartl, A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biological and medical sciences; Crop harvesting; Crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage; cultivars; fertilizer application; fiber crops; fiber nettle; fiber processing; fiber production; fiber quality; foods; forage crops; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agronomy. Plant production; Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns; harvest date; Hemp; Horticultural practices; insect pests; literature reviews; natural textiles; Organic farming; organic production; plant cultural practices; plant cuttings; plant diseases and disorders; plant fibers; Plants; Process engineering; renewable resources; Sustainable agriculture; textile fibers; Textile industry; Textiles; Urtica dioica; weed control
• ISSN: 0889-1893; 1478-5498
• DOI: 10.1079/AJAA200242

In Europe, the perennial stinging nettle was cultivated during the 19th century until the Second World War and has a long history as a fiber plant. Clone varieties dating back to the early 20th century are still maintained at European research institutions. The fiber content of clones ranges from 1.2 to 16% dry matter, and fiber yields range from 0.14 to 1.28 Mg ha−1. Varietal purity of fiber nettle can only be achieved by planting cuttings. The harvesting of fiber starts in the second year of growth and the crop may produce well for several years. Several agronomic practices influence fiber quality, but causal relations are not yet well understood. Various parts of the fiber nettle plant can be used as food, fodder and as raw material for different purposes in cosmetics, medicine, industry and biodynamic agriculture. Organically produced fibers are in demand by the green textile industry and show potential that is economically promising.