Comparison of the bioavailability of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) in the rat

Abstract Based on the results from a human study which showed significantly reduced incorporation of DPA compared with EPA into chylomicrons, this study was designed to test if dietary DPA was significantly less absorbed than EPA. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of si...

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Published in:Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids leukotrienes and essential fatty acids, 2014-01, Vol.90 (1), p.23-26
Main Authors: Ghasemi Fard, Samaneh, Linderborg, Kaisa M, Turchini, Giovanni M, Sinclair, Andrew J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
20:5n-3
22:5n-3
Absorption
Advanced Basic Science
Animals
Biological Availability
Dietary Fats - pharmacokinetics
Dietary Fats - pharmacology
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - pharmacokinetics
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - pharmacology
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Excretion
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - pharmacokinetics
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - pharmacology
Humans
Lipid metabolism
Male
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
Omega-3
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Summary:Abstract Based on the results from a human study which showed significantly reduced incorporation of DPA compared with EPA into chylomicrons, this study was designed to test if dietary DPA was significantly less absorbed than EPA. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of six, and were fed a semi-synthetic high fat diet (23.5% fat) for 9 days. The test omega 3 fatty acids (EPA and DPA, 250 mg/animal/day, free fatty acid form) or olive oil (250 mg/animal/day) were added to the high fat diet on days 5, 6 and 7. Dietary EPA and DPA appeared in the faeces on days 6, 7 and 8, with the total amount of DPA excreted being 4.6-fold greater than that of EPA. The total amount of faecal fat did not differ significantly between the groups. At the conclusion of the study (day 9), it was found that liver DPA, EPA and total n-3 LC-PUFA levels were significantly increased by both DPA and EPA feeding compared with the olive oil fed control group. In the heart, DPA feeding increased the DPA content and both DPA and EPA feeding increased the total n-3 LC-PUFA levels. This study showed that DPA and EPA, both provided in free form, are metabolised differently, despite being chemically similar.
ISSN:0952-3278
1532-2823
DOI:10.1016/j.plefa.2013.10.001