Polymethylmethacrylate dermal fillers: evaluation of the systemic toxicity in rats

Abstract This study evaluated local and systemic reactions after an intravascular injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at two concentrations in a murine model. Thirty rats were divided equally into three groups: 2% PMMA, 30% PMMA, and a control group (normal saline only injection). The filler...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2014-01, Vol.43 (1), p.62-67
Main Authors: Medeiros, C.C.G, Borghetti, R.L, Nicoletti, N, da Silva, V.D, Cherubini, K, Salum, F.G, de Figueiredo, M.A.Z
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adverse effects
Animals
Biocompatible Materials - toxicity
Cosmetic Techniques - adverse effects
Dentistry
Female
Foreign-Body Migration - pathology
Foreign-Body Reaction - chemically induced
Foreign-Body Reaction - pathology
Injections, Intradermal
oral medicine
Polymethyl Methacrylate - toxicity
polymethylmethacrylate
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Surgery
Tongue
toxicology
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Summary:Abstract This study evaluated local and systemic reactions after an intravascular injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at two concentrations in a murine model. Thirty rats were divided equally into three groups: 2% PMMA, 30% PMMA, and a control group (normal saline only injection). The filler was injected into the ranine vein. The rats were sedated at 7 and 90 days and a clinical evaluation performed. After euthanasia, the right lung, liver, and right kidney were removed, weighed, and microscopically analyzed. The submandibular lymph nodes and tongue were removed and examined microscopically. Serum was subjected to liver and kidney function tests. No groups showed clinical alterations. Microspheres were not observed at any distant organ. Two samples from the 2% PMMA group showed a local inflammatory response at day 7 and another two samples from the 30% PMMA group at day 90. The group injected with 30% PMMA presented higher levels of alanine aminotransferase ( P = 0.047) after 90 days when compared with the other groups. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that intravascular injections of PMMA fillers show potential health risks such as chronic inflammation at the implantation site.
ISSN:0901-5027
1399-0020
DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2013.06.009