Materials in superconducting quantum bits

Superconducting qubits are electronic circuits comprising lithographically defined Josephson tunnel junctions, inductors, capacitors, and interconnects. When cooled to dilution refrigerator temperatures, these circuits behave as quantum mechanical “artificial atoms,” exhibiting quantized states of e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:MRS bulletin 2013-10, Vol.38 (10), p.816-825
Main Authors: Oliver, William D., Welander, Paul B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied and Technical Physics
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Circuit design
Coherence
Constituents
Design parameters
Dilution
Electronic circuits
Energy Materials
Inductors
Magnetic flux
Materials Engineering
Materials Issues for Quantum Computation
Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Quantum dots
Quantum mechanics
Quantum phenomena
Qubits (quantum computing)
Superconductivity
Tunnel junctions
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Summary:Superconducting qubits are electronic circuits comprising lithographically defined Josephson tunnel junctions, inductors, capacitors, and interconnects. When cooled to dilution refrigerator temperatures, these circuits behave as quantum mechanical “artificial atoms,” exhibiting quantized states of electronic charge, magnetic flux, or junction phase depending on the design parameters of the constituent circuit elements. Their potential for lithographic scalability, compatibility with microwave control, and operability at nanosecond time scales place superconducting qubits among the leading modalities being considered for quantum information science and technology applications. Over the past decade, the quantum coherence of superconducting qubits has increased more than five orders of magnitude, due primarily to improvements in their design, fabrication, and, importantly, their constituent materials and interfaces. In this article, we review superconducting qubits, articulate the important role of materials research in their development, and provide a prospectus for the future as these devices transition from scientific curiosity to the threshold of technical reality.
ISSN:0883-7694
1938-1425
DOI:10.1557/mrs.2013.229