Adipocytes and the Regulation of Bone Remodeling: A Balancing Act

Throughout life, a balance exists within the marrow cavity between adipose tissue and bone. Each tissue derives from a common progenitor cell known both as a “bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cell” and as a “mesenchymal stem cell” (BMSC). The majority of in vitro and in vivo data suggest that...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Calcified tissue international 2014-01, Vol.94 (1), p.78-87
Main Authors: Nuttall, Mark E., Shah, Forum, Singh, Vikramjeet, Thomas-Porch, Caasy, Frazier, Trivia, Gimble, Jeffrey M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Adipocytes - cytology
Adipocytes - metabolism
Animals
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Bone marrow
Bone Remodeling - physiology
Cell Biology
Cellular biology
Endocrinology
Humans
Life Sciences
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - cytology
Orthopedics
Osteoblasts - metabolism
Osteogenesis - physiology
Review
Stem cells
Studies
Transcription Factors - metabolism
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Summary:Throughout life, a balance exists within the marrow cavity between adipose tissue and bone. Each tissue derives from a common progenitor cell known both as a “bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cell” and as a “mesenchymal stem cell” (BMSC). The majority of in vitro and in vivo data suggest that BMSCs differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts in a reciprocal manner. For example, while ligand induction of the transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ initiates BMSC adipogenesis, it suppresses osteogenesis. Nevertheless, this hypothesis may oversimplify a complex regulatory paradigm. The picture may be further complicated by the systemic impact of extramedullary adipose depots on bone via the secretion of protein adipokines and lipid metabolites. This review focuses on past and current literature examining the mechanisms governing the adipose–bone interface.
ISSN:0171-967X
1432-0827
DOI:10.1007/s00223-013-9807-6