Rapid analysis of purified cellulose extracted from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by instrumental analysis

•Ryegrass is an abundant source of lignocellulose for biorefining.•Extraction protocol influences cellulose yield and purity.•Multistep chemical processing produces high purity cellulose.•Combined instrumental techniques provide accurate compositional information. Dried, milled perennial ryegrass sa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioresource technology 2013-10, Vol.146, p.184-191
Main Authors: Lyons, Gary A., McRoberts, Colin, Sharma, H. Shekhar, McCormack, Ruth, Carmichael, Eugene, McCall, R. David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biofuels
Biological and medical sciences
Biomass
Cellulose
Cellulose - chemistry
Cellulose extraction
Chelation
Crystallinity
Crystallization
Diffraction
Fourier transforms
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Grass
Hydrolysis
Infrared
Infrared spectroscopy
Instrumental analysis
Lignin - chemistry
Lolium - chemistry
Polysaccharides - chemistry
Purity
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Temperature
Thermogravimetry
X-Ray Diffraction
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Summary:•Ryegrass is an abundant source of lignocellulose for biorefining.•Extraction protocol influences cellulose yield and purity.•Multistep chemical processing produces high purity cellulose.•Combined instrumental techniques provide accurate compositional information. Dried, milled perennial ryegrass samples were processed using chemical and physical treatments and the extracted cellulose products were analysed for yield, crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and for purity using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extraction protocols examined the use of chemical chelation, acid and alkaline hydrolysis, along with physical degradation methods. Highest product yields were obtained using single step chemical protocols followed by physical processing, however, these products had low crystallinity and higher amorphous fraction content. Multistep chemical processing to completely remove hemicellulose and lignin with an alkali refluxing step, delivered lower yielding cellulose products of greater crystallinity and purity. In combination, the four instrumental techniques highlighted removal of amorphous fractions, providing rapid, accurate compositional data on the extracted cellulose products.
ISSN:0960-8524
1873-2976
DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.071