Chemical characterization of rice straw-derived biochar for soil amendment

• Published in: Biomass & bioenergy 2012-12, Vol.47, p.268-276
• Main Authors: Wu, Weixiang, Yang, Min, Feng, Qibo, McGrouther, Kim, Wang, Hailong, Lu, Haohao, Chen, Yingxu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Alkalinity; analytical methods; Biochar; bioenergy; Biological and medical sciences; biomass; carbon sequestration; cation exchange capacity; cations; Characterization; chemical composition; condensation; crystallites; fertilizers; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agronomy. Plant production; greenhouse gas emissions; heat; Oryza sativa; Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries; phosphorus; pyrolysis; Pyrolysis condition; rice; Rice straw; soil amendments; soil fertility; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments; Stability; temperature; Use and upgrading of agricultural and food by-products. Biotechnology
• ISSN: 0961-9534; 1873-2909
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.034

Pyrolysis of rice straw to create biochar for soil amendment appears to be a promising method to address concerns with regard to improving soil fertility, increasing Carbon storage and decreasing Green House Gas emissions. However, the ability of rice straw-derived biochar to affect these factors might vary depending on its characteristics. It is therefore essential to investigate the properties before large-scale application of rice straw-derived biochar. In this study, rice straw-derived biochars produced at different temperatures (300, 400, 500, 600 & 700 °C) and residence time (1, 2, 3 & 5 h) were characterized using a suite of analytical techniques. Results showed that pyrolysis temperature had a greater influence than residence time on the chemical composition and structure of rice straw-derived biochar produced at low heating rate. The rice straw-derived biochars especially produced at 400 °C had high alkalinity and cation exchange capacity, and high levels of available phosphorus and extractable cations. These properties indicate potential application of rice straw-derived biochar as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that higher pyrolysis temperatures promote condensation reactions. Rice straw-derived biochars contained turbostratic crystallites at 400 °C, and displayed a high level of aromatization at 500 °C. Increasing charring temperature will increase the aromaticity of biochar, and might include its recalcitrance. ► Pyrolysis temperature played a significant role in rice straw biochar properties. ► Rice straw biochars had high alkalinity, cation exchange capacity and available P. ► Rice straw biochar yielded at 400 °C might be more suitable for soil amendment. ► Rice straw biochar displayed a high level of aromatization at 500  C.