Energy and climate benefits of bioelectricity from low-input short rotation woody crops on agricultural land over a two-year rotation

• Published in: Applied energy 2013-11, Vol.111, p.862-870
• Main Authors: Njakou Djomo, S., El Kasmioui, O., De Groote, T., Broeckx, L.S., Verlinden, M.S., Berhongaray, G., Fichot, R., Zona, D., Dillen, S.Y., King, J.S., Janssens, I.A., Ceulemans, R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: agricultural land; Applied sciences; bioelectricity; carbon; carbon sinks; climate; combustion; crops; Direct land use change; Eddy fluxes; Energy; energy efficiency; Energy ratio; European Union; Exact sciences and technology; farm labor; fossil fuels; gasification; GHG emissions; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; irrigation; land use change; Life cycle assessment; primary energy; renewable energy sources; soil; soil organic carbon
• ISSN: 0306-2619; 1872-9118
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.017

•A full energy and GHG balance of bioelectricity from SRWC was performed.•Bioelectricity was efficient; it reduced GHG by 52–54% relative to the EU non-renewable grid mix.•Bioelectricity required 1.1m2 of land kWh−1; land conversion released 2.8±0.2 t CO2eha−1.•SRWC reduced GHG emission when producing electricity during the 1st rotation period. Short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs) are a promising means to enhance the EU renewable energy sources while mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there are concerns that the GHG mitigation potential of bioelectricity may be nullified due to GHG emissions from direct land use changes (dLUCs). In order to evaluate quantitatively the GHG mitigation potential of bioelectricity from SRWC we managed an operational SRWC plantation (18.4ha) for bioelectricity production on a former agricultural land without supplemental irrigation or fertilization. We traced back to the primary energy level all farm labor, materials, and fossil fuel inputs to the bioelectricity production. We also sampled soil carbon and monitored fluxes of GHGs between the SRWC plantation and the atmosphere. We found that bioelectricity from SRWCs was energy efficient and yielded 200–227% more energy than required to produce it over a two-year rotation. The associated land requirement was 0.9m2kWhe-1 for the gasification and 1.1m2kWhe-1 for the combustion technology. Converting agricultural land into the SRWC plantation released 2.8 ± 0.2tCO2eha−1, which represented ∼89% of the total GHG emissions (256–272gCO2ekWhe-1) of bioelectricity production. Despite its high share of the total GHG emissions, dLUC did not negate the GHG benefits of bioelectricity. Indeed, the GHG savings of bioelectricity relative to the EU non-renewable grid mix power ranged between 52% and 54%. SRWC on agricultural lands with low soil organic carbon stocks are encouraging prospects for sustainable production of renewable energy with significant climate benefits.