Optimized fabrication of sputter deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films

► Precursor CZTS films are non-stoichiometric with binary sulfide phases. ► Cu-capping (140nm) on precursor CZTS provides near stoichiometric films. ► Raman spectroscopy reveals the formation of CZTS phase after Cu-capping. ► Cu-capped CZTS samples show an improved Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio of ∼0.71. An effe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Solar energy 2013-05, Vol.91, p.196-203
Main Authors: Inamdar, A.I., Lee, Seulgi, Jeon, Ki-Young, Lee, Chong Ha, Pawar, S.M., Kalubarme, R.S., Park, Chan Jin, Im, Hyunsik, Jung, Woong, Kim, Hyungsang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films
Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation
Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering
Electrical power engineering
Energy
Exact sciences and technology
Magnetron sputtering
Natural energy
Photoelectric conversion
Photovoltaic conversion
Raman spectroscopy
Solar cell
Solar cells. Photoelectrochemical cells
Solar energy
Thermal annealing
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Summary:► Precursor CZTS films are non-stoichiometric with binary sulfide phases. ► Cu-capping (140nm) on precursor CZTS provides near stoichiometric films. ► Raman spectroscopy reveals the formation of CZTS phase after Cu-capping. ► Cu-capped CZTS samples show an improved Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio of ∼0.71. An effective synthesis strategy is employed to fabricate Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films using radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering technique on soda lime glass substrates. The as-grown films are annealed at different temperatures ranging between 350 and 550°C, and their chemical compositions and structural properties are investigated. The as-grown films have poor Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratios ranging between 0.39 and 0.44 and S/(Cu+Zn+Sn) ratios ranging between 0.97 and 1.21. The Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio is improved by growing a thin additional Cu-capping layer on the as-grown film followed by annealing. An improved Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio of ∼0.71 is obtained and the S/(Cu+Zn+Sn) ratio is slightly reduced to ∼0.85. The formation of a kesterite type CZTS is confirmed using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Absorption measurements and band-gap energy determination of the CZTS films are carried out in order to confirm applicability to solar cells.
ISSN:0038-092X
1471-1257
DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2013.02.003