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Functional electrical stimulation-based cycling assisted by flywheel and electrical clutch mechanism: A feasibility simulation study
A new assist mechanism, represented by a flywheel and an electrical clutch, is developed and evaluated, in simulation studies, to assist paralysed legs during functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based cycling exercise in a closed-loop control configuration. The flywheel is engaged and disengaged...
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Published in: | Robotics and autonomous systems 2014-02, Vol.62 (2), p.188-199 |
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creator | Abdulla, S.C. Sayidmarie, O. Tokhi, M.O. |
description | A new assist mechanism, represented by a flywheel and an electrical clutch, is developed and evaluated, in simulation studies, to assist paralysed legs during functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based cycling exercise in a closed-loop control configuration. The flywheel is engaged and disengaged, by the clutch, to assist or retard the cycling when necessary. The flywheel engages with the crank to absorb the surplus energy, produced by stimulating the leg, store it as kinetic energy and slow down the movement. Also, it engages again to use the same stored energy to assist the leg and speed up the cycling. A comparative assessment of FES-cycling, using fuzzy logic control, is carried out with and without the new assist mechanism. Clinically recorded data is used to derive a force-drop indicator for assessment purposes. Although the stimulation intensity is slightly increased, the indicator showed 14%–17% muscle fatigue delay with the new mechanism as compared with cycling without assistance. This mechanism is promoting prolonged FES-cycling and increased work rate for paraplegics by delaying the occurrence of muscle fatigue.
•A flywheel and electrical clutch assist mechanism is used in FES-cycling exercise.•Fuzzy logic is used to control stimulation intensity on quadriceps in FES-cycling.•The new mechanism suppresses speed fluctuation and reduces the cadence error.•The new assist mechanism promotes prolonged FES-cycling and extended work rate.•The fatigue monitor shows 14%–17% delay in muscle fatigue using the new mechanism. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.robot.2013.10.005 |
format | article |
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•A flywheel and electrical clutch assist mechanism is used in FES-cycling exercise.•Fuzzy logic is used to control stimulation intensity on quadriceps in FES-cycling.•The new mechanism suppresses speed fluctuation and reduces the cadence error.•The new assist mechanism promotes prolonged FES-cycling and extended work rate.•The fatigue monitor shows 14%–17% delay in muscle fatigue using the new mechanism.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0921-8890</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-793X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2013.10.005</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Assessments ; Assist mechanism ; FES-cycling ; Flywheel and electrical clutch ; Functional electrical stimulation-based rehabilitation ; Fuzzy logic control ; Muscle force-drop indicator</subject><ispartof>Robotics and autonomous systems, 2014-02, Vol.62 (2), p.188-199</ispartof><rights>2013 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-1a1f937075d0ff68b4c2b7c63481d57978215528dbbe98d012ad95994da2286d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-1a1f937075d0ff68b4c2b7c63481d57978215528dbbe98d012ad95994da2286d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1662-6334</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abdulla, S.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sayidmarie, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tokhi, M.O.</creatorcontrib><title>Functional electrical stimulation-based cycling assisted by flywheel and electrical clutch mechanism: A feasibility simulation study</title><title>Robotics and autonomous systems</title><description>A new assist mechanism, represented by a flywheel and an electrical clutch, is developed and evaluated, in simulation studies, to assist paralysed legs during functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based cycling exercise in a closed-loop control configuration. The flywheel is engaged and disengaged, by the clutch, to assist or retard the cycling when necessary. The flywheel engages with the crank to absorb the surplus energy, produced by stimulating the leg, store it as kinetic energy and slow down the movement. Also, it engages again to use the same stored energy to assist the leg and speed up the cycling. A comparative assessment of FES-cycling, using fuzzy logic control, is carried out with and without the new assist mechanism. Clinically recorded data is used to derive a force-drop indicator for assessment purposes. Although the stimulation intensity is slightly increased, the indicator showed 14%–17% muscle fatigue delay with the new mechanism as compared with cycling without assistance. This mechanism is promoting prolonged FES-cycling and increased work rate for paraplegics by delaying the occurrence of muscle fatigue.
•A flywheel and electrical clutch assist mechanism is used in FES-cycling exercise.•Fuzzy logic is used to control stimulation intensity on quadriceps in FES-cycling.•The new mechanism suppresses speed fluctuation and reduces the cadence error.•The new assist mechanism promotes prolonged FES-cycling and extended work rate.•The fatigue monitor shows 14%–17% delay in muscle fatigue using the new mechanism.</description><subject>Assessments</subject><subject>Assist mechanism</subject><subject>FES-cycling</subject><subject>Flywheel and electrical clutch</subject><subject>Functional electrical stimulation-based rehabilitation</subject><subject>Fuzzy logic control</subject><subject>Muscle force-drop indicator</subject><issn>0921-8890</issn><issn>1872-793X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE9v1DAQxS0EEkvhE3DxsZcs_rOJ7Uo9VBWFSpV6AYmb5dgT1isnaT0OKPd-cLwsQj31NKM3781ofoR85GzLGe8-HbZ57ueyFYzLqmwZa1-RDddKNMrIH6_JhhnBG60Ne0veIR4YY7JVckOebpbJlzhPLlFI4EuOvrZY4rgkdxw0vUMI1K8-xekndYgRSxX6lQ5p_b0HSNRN4Xnap6X4PR3B790UcbygV3QAh7GPKZaV4v_l9dAS1vfkzeASwod_9Yx8v_n87fprc3f_5fb66q7xUnal4Y4PRiqm2sCGodP9zote-U7uNA-tMkoL3rZCh74HowPjwgXTGrMLTgjdBXlGzk97H_L8uAAWO0b0kJKbYF7Q8pZ1UlViu2qVJ6vPM2KGwT7kOLq8Ws7skbk92L_M7ZH5UazMa-rylIL6xa8I2aKPMHkIMVc6NszxxfwfhhOOsw</recordid><startdate>201402</startdate><enddate>201402</enddate><creator>Abdulla, S.C.</creator><creator>Sayidmarie, O.</creator><creator>Tokhi, M.O.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-6334</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201402</creationdate><title>Functional electrical stimulation-based cycling assisted by flywheel and electrical clutch mechanism: A feasibility simulation study</title><author>Abdulla, S.C. ; Sayidmarie, O. ; Tokhi, M.O.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-1a1f937075d0ff68b4c2b7c63481d57978215528dbbe98d012ad95994da2286d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Assessments</topic><topic>Assist mechanism</topic><topic>FES-cycling</topic><topic>Flywheel and electrical clutch</topic><topic>Functional electrical stimulation-based rehabilitation</topic><topic>Fuzzy logic control</topic><topic>Muscle force-drop indicator</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abdulla, S.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sayidmarie, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tokhi, M.O.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><jtitle>Robotics and autonomous systems</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abdulla, S.C.</au><au>Sayidmarie, O.</au><au>Tokhi, M.O.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Functional electrical stimulation-based cycling assisted by flywheel and electrical clutch mechanism: A feasibility simulation study</atitle><jtitle>Robotics and autonomous systems</jtitle><date>2014-02</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>188</spage><epage>199</epage><pages>188-199</pages><issn>0921-8890</issn><eissn>1872-793X</eissn><abstract>A new assist mechanism, represented by a flywheel and an electrical clutch, is developed and evaluated, in simulation studies, to assist paralysed legs during functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based cycling exercise in a closed-loop control configuration. The flywheel is engaged and disengaged, by the clutch, to assist or retard the cycling when necessary. The flywheel engages with the crank to absorb the surplus energy, produced by stimulating the leg, store it as kinetic energy and slow down the movement. Also, it engages again to use the same stored energy to assist the leg and speed up the cycling. A comparative assessment of FES-cycling, using fuzzy logic control, is carried out with and without the new assist mechanism. Clinically recorded data is used to derive a force-drop indicator for assessment purposes. Although the stimulation intensity is slightly increased, the indicator showed 14%–17% muscle fatigue delay with the new mechanism as compared with cycling without assistance. This mechanism is promoting prolonged FES-cycling and increased work rate for paraplegics by delaying the occurrence of muscle fatigue.
•A flywheel and electrical clutch assist mechanism is used in FES-cycling exercise.•Fuzzy logic is used to control stimulation intensity on quadriceps in FES-cycling.•The new mechanism suppresses speed fluctuation and reduces the cadence error.•The new assist mechanism promotes prolonged FES-cycling and extended work rate.•The fatigue monitor shows 14%–17% delay in muscle fatigue using the new mechanism.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.robot.2013.10.005</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-6334</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Assessments Assist mechanism FES-cycling Flywheel and electrical clutch Functional electrical stimulation-based rehabilitation Fuzzy logic control Muscle force-drop indicator |
title | Functional electrical stimulation-based cycling assisted by flywheel and electrical clutch mechanism: A feasibility simulation study |
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