Unconscious Processes Improve Lie Detection

• Published in: Journal of personality and social psychology 2013-11, Vol.105 (5), p.721-739
• Main Authors: Reinhard, Marc-André, Greifeneder, Rainer, Scharmach, Martin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ability; Adult; Cognitive Processes; Deception; Decision Making; Detection; Female; Human; Humans; Judges; Judgment; Judgment - physiology; Lie Detection; Lie Detection - psychology; Lying; Male; Personal relationships; Polygraphs; Social psychology; Social relations; Truth; Unconscious; Unconscious (Psychology); Young Adult
• ISSN: 0022-3514; 1939-1315
• DOI: 10.1037/a0034352

The capacity to identify cheaters is essential for maintaining balanced social relationships, yet humans have been shown to be generally poor deception detectors. In fact, a plethora of empirical findings holds that individuals are only slightly better than chance when discerning lies from truths. Here, we report 5 experiments showing that judges' ability to detect deception greatly increases after periods of unconscious processing. Specifically, judges who were kept from consciously deliberating outperformed judges who were encouraged to do so or who made a decision immediately; moreover, unconscious thinkers' detection accuracy was significantly above chance level. The reported experiments further show that this improvement comes about because unconscious thinking processes allow for integrating the particularly rich information basis necessary for accurate lie detection. These findings suggest that the human mind is not unfit to distinguish between truth and deception but that this ability resides in previously overlooked processes.