Attenuation of Inflammatory Response and Reduction in Infarct Size by Postconditioning Are Associated With Downregulation of Early Growth Response 1 During Reperfusion in Rat Heart

• Published in: Shock (Augusta, Ga.) Ga.), 2014-04, Vol.41 (4), p.346-354
• Main Authors: Wang, Ning-Ping, Pang, Xue-Fen, Zhang, Li-Hui, Tootle, Stephanie, Harmouche, Suzanna, Zhao, Zhi-Qing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use; Curcumin - pharmacology; Curcumin - therapeutic use; Down-Regulation - drug effects; Early Growth Response Protein 1 - antagonists & inhibitors; Early Growth Response Protein 1 - biosynthesis; Early Growth Response Protein 1 - genetics; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism; Interleukin-6 - biosynthesis; Ischemic Postconditioning - methods; Male; Myocardial Infarction - metabolism; Myocardial Infarction - pathology; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - metabolism; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - pathology; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control; Myocardium - metabolism; P-Selectin - metabolism; Peroxidase - metabolism; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Small Interfering - genetics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - biosynthesis
• ISSN: 1073-2322; 1540-0514
• DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000112

ABSTRACTEarly growth response 1 (EGR-1) works as a master regulator that plays a key role in triggering inflammation-induced tissue injury after ischemia and reperfusion. This study tested the hypothesis that postconditioning (Postcon) or anti-inflammatory compound, curcumin, ameliorates inflammatory responses and further reduces infarct size by normalizing EGR-1 expression during reperfusion. In the control group, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30-min ischemia and 180-min reperfusion. Postcon with four cycles of 10-s/10-s reperfusion/ischemia was applied at the onset of reperfusion. Curcumin (150 mg/kg per day) was fed 5 days before ischemia. Relative to the control, Postcon reduced expression of EGR-1 mRNA and protein, as further identified by less EGR-1 immunoreactivity in myocardial nuclei and microvessels during reperfusion. Along with EGR-1 downregulation, levels of plasma and myocardial tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased. Upregulated P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 mRNA and protein as well as their immunoreactivity at area at risk myocardium were significantly attenuated. Neutrophil extravasation identified by myeloperoxidase immunohistochemical staining was inhibited. Infarct size, determined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, was smaller in the Postcon group than that in the control. The protection achieved with pretreatment with curcumin was comparable to the benefits gained by Postcon in all end points measured. In H9C2 rat cardiomyoblast cell line, EGR-1 siRNA downregulated hydrogen peroxide–induced EGR-1 mRNA expression and subsequently reduced tumor necrosis factor α mRNA level. These results suggest that EGR-1 seems to play a critical role in myocardial reperfusion injury because downregulation of EGR-1 either by Postcon or the use of pharmacological intervention reduces infarct size, most likely through an inhibition of inflammation-mediated processes.