Chromatin Contributions to the Regulation of Innate Immunity

A fundamental property of cells of the innate immune system is their ability to elicit a transcriptional response to a microbial stimulus or danger signal with a high degree of cell type and stimulus specificity. The selective response activates effector pathways to control the insult and plays a ce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of immunology 2014-01, Vol.32 (1), p.489-511
Main Authors: Smale, Stephen T, Tarakhovsky, Alexander, Natoli, Gioacchino
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
chromatin
Chromatin - genetics
Chromatin - metabolism
epigenetics
Gene Expression Regulation
Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Humans
Immunity, Innate - physiology
Immunologic Memory - genetics
Immunologic Memory - immunology
Inflammation - genetics
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - therapy
innate immunity
macrophages
Organ Specificity - genetics
Organ Specificity - immunology
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Summary:A fundamental property of cells of the innate immune system is their ability to elicit a transcriptional response to a microbial stimulus or danger signal with a high degree of cell type and stimulus specificity. The selective response activates effector pathways to control the insult and plays a central role in regulating adaptive immunity through the differential regulation of cytokine genes. Selectivity is dictated by signaling pathways and their transcription factor targets. However, a growing body of evidence supports models in which different subsets of genes exhibit distinct chromatin features that play active roles in shaping the response. Chromatin also participates in innate memory mechanisms that can promote tolerance to a stimulus or prime cells for a more robust response. These findings have generated interest in the capacity to modulate chromatin regulators with small-molecule compounds for the treatment of diseases associated with innate or adaptive immunity.
ISSN:0732-0582
1545-3278
DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101303