Assessment of implicit self-esteem in bipolar manic and euthymic patients using the implicit association test

Abstract Objective Although self-esteem is thought to be an important psychological factor in bipolar disorder, little is known about implicit and explicit self-esteem in manic patients. In this study, we investigated differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem among bipolar manic patients, bip...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Comprehensive psychiatry 2014-04, Vol.55 (3), p.557-564
Main Authors: Park, Jin Young, Ryu, Vin, Ha, Ra Yeon, Lee, Su Jin, Choi, Won-Jung, Ha, Kyooseob, Cho, Hyun-Sang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Biological and medical sciences
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar Disorder - psychology
Cognition & reasoning
Female
Humans
Male
Mania
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
Mood disorders
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Self Concept
Self esteem
Studies
Young Adult
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Summary:Abstract Objective Although self-esteem is thought to be an important psychological factor in bipolar disorder, little is known about implicit and explicit self-esteem in manic patients. In this study, we investigated differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem among bipolar manic patients, bipolar euthymic patients, and healthy controls using the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Methods Participants included 19 manic patients, 27 euthymic patients, and 27 healthy controls. Participants completed a self-esteem scale to evaluate explicit self-esteem and performed the self-esteem IAT to evaluate implicit self-esteem. Results There were no differences among groups in explicit self-esteem. However, there were significant differences among groups in implicit self-esteem. Manic patients had higher IAT scores than euthymic patients and a trend toward higher IAT scores than healthy controls. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, on the latent level, a manic state is not simply the opposite of a depressed state. Furthermore, there may be a discontinuity of implicit self-esteem between manic and euthymic states. These unexpected results may be due to characteristics of the study participants or the methods used to assess implicit self-esteem. Nevertheless, they provide greater insights on the psychological status of manic patients.
ISSN:0010-440X
1532-8384
DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.09.012