Noradrenergic modulation of neuronal responses to n -methyl- d -aspartate in the vestibular nuclei: An electrophysiological and immunohistochemical study

Highlights • Noradrenaline modulates NMDA-mediated excitations in vestibular nuclei. • Both alpha and beta noradrenergic receptors are involved in this modulation. • The enhancing or depressing effects of noradrenaline are due to different receptors. • Noradrenergic and NMDA receptors coexist throug...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuroscience 2014-04, Vol.265, p.172-183
Main Authors: Barresi, M, Grasso, C, Licata, F, Li Volsi, G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Electrophysiological Phenomena
firing rate
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Immunohistochemistry
Male
microiontophoresis
N-Methylaspartate - pharmacology
Neurology
Neurons - drug effects
Neurons - physiology
NMDA receptors
noradrenaline
Norepinephrine - agonists
Norepinephrine - antagonists & inhibitors
Norepinephrine - pharmacology
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Receptors, Adrenergic - analysis
Receptors, Adrenergic - metabolism
Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - analysis
Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - metabolism
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
vestibular complex
Vestibular Nuclei - drug effects
Vestibular Nuclei - metabolism
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Summary:Highlights • Noradrenaline modulates NMDA-mediated excitations in vestibular nuclei. • Both alpha and beta noradrenergic receptors are involved in this modulation. • The enhancing or depressing effects of noradrenaline are due to different receptors. • Noradrenergic and NMDA receptors coexist throughout the vestibular complex.
ISSN:0306-4522
1873-7544
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.054