Flow cytometry assessment of graft-infiltrating lymphocytes can accurately identify acute rejection in kidney transplants

• Published in: Clinical transplantation 2014-02, Vol.28 (2), p.177-183
• Main Authors: Xavier, Paula D.P., Lema, Gloria L., Magalhães, Maria C., Teixeira-Pinto, Armando, Sampaio-Norton, Susana, Gaião, Sérgio, Guimarães, Tiago, Oliveira, José G.G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; aspiration biopsy; Biopsy, Needle; Cyclosporine - antagonists & inhibitors; Female; flow cytometry; Flow Cytometry - methods; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Graft Rejection - diagnosis; Graft Rejection - drug therapy; Graft Rejection - etiology; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacology; Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use; Kidney Failure, Chronic - surgery; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Transplantation; kidney transplants; Lymphocytes - pathology; Male; Middle Aged; peripheral blood lymphocytes; Prognosis; Risk Factors; T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0902-0063; 1399-0012
• DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12293

Background Previously, we have reported that flow cytometry analysis of fine‐needle aspirates can accurately predict rejection in kidney transplants treated with cyclosporine–azathioprine–prednisolone. In this study, we examined this technique's accuracy using current immunosuppression. Methods Kidney transplant recipients were treated with calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone: 92 remained rejection‐free – Group I – and 37 developed acute rejection – Group II. An allograft aspiration specimen and peripheral blood were collected from Group I on post‐transplant day 7 and from Group II on the day of clinical rejection. Results Significant changes were seen in both aspiration and peripheral blood samples in several T cell subsets when comparing Groups I and II. A sensitivity of 94.6%, specificity of 85%, and AUC = 0.966 were observed through combining CD8DR with CD3CD69 values from aspiration specimen; the corresponding AUC in peripheral blood was 0.847. Irreversible rejections displayed a significantly higher activation score (p = 0.024). Conclusions Flow cytometry analysis of aspiration specimen achieved high diagnostic performance in renal transplants through studying CD8DR and CD3CD69 under current immunosuppressive therapy. Peripheral blood analysis, although not significant, showed the same trend. The activation score anticipated the irreversibility of rejection. The data suggest this test, through an easily tolerated technique, merits further diagnostic use.