Acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus, Vitex negundo and Withania somnifera against synthetic pyrethroid resistant Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

• Published in: Parasitology research (1987) 2014, Vol.113 (1), p.341-350
• Main Authors: Singh, Nirbhay Kumar, Jyoti, Vemu, Bhaskar, Nandi, Abhijit, Singh, Harkirat, Kumar, Rajender, Dumka, V K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acaricidal properties; Acaricides; Acaricides - pharmacology; adults; Animals; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; body weight; Boophilus; Boophilus microplus; Botanical research; Control; Cymbopogon - chemistry; Cymbopogon winterianus; cypermethrin; deltamethrin; Drug Resistance; egg weight; eggs; Female; females; hatching; Health aspects; Host-parasite relationships; Immunology; India; Ixodidae; Larva - drug effects; larvae; leaves; lethal concentration 50; Materia medica, Vegetable; Medical Microbiology; Microbiology; mortality; Nitriles - pharmacology; Original Paper; oviposition; Plant extracts; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves - chemistry; probit analysis; pyrethrins; Pyrethrins - pharmacology; Reproduction - drug effects; Rhipicephalus; Rhipicephalus - drug effects; roots; Tick Control; Ticks; Vitex - chemistry; Vitex negundo; Withania - chemistry; Withania somnifera
• ISSN: 0932-0113; 1432-1955
• DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3660-4

Detection of resistance levels against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from Moga, Punjab (India) was carried out using larval packet test. Results indicated the presence of resistance of level I and III against cypermethrin (resistance factors (RF) = 4.67) and deltamethrin (RF = 34.2), respectively. Adult immersion test was used to assess the acaricidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Cymbopogon winterianus, Vitex negundo, and Withania somnifera along with roots of V. negundo against the SP resistant engorged females of R. (B.) microplus. The efficacy of various extracts was assessed by estimation of percent adult mortality, reproductive index (RI), percent inhibition of oviposition (%IO), and hatching rate. A concentration dependent increase in tick mortality was recorded which was more marked with various ethanolic extracts, and highest mortality was recorded in ticks treated with ethanolic extract of leaves of C. winterianus. The LC₅₀ values were determined by applying regression equation analysis to the probit transformed data of mortality for various aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Acaricidal property was recorded to be higher in ethanolic extracts, and high activity was found with the ethanolic extract of leaves of C. winterianus with LC₅₀ (95 % CL) values of 0.46 % (0.35–0.59 %), followed by W. somnifera as 5.21 % (4.45–6.09 %) and V. negundo as 7.02 % (4.58–10.74 %). The egg mass weight of the live ticks treated with different concentrations of the various extract was significantly (p