Physical and chemical characterization of SIDI engine particulates

Carbonaceous soot particles from a spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engine are characterized by physical and chemical techniques. Physical characterization included aggregate size and morphology, primary particle size and internal nanostructure, each by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Combustion and flame 2013-11, Vol.160 (11), p.2517-2528
Main Authors: Gaddam, Chethan K., Vander Wal, Randy L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aggregates
Applied sciences
Combustion
Continuous cycle engines: steam and gas turbines, jet engines
Engines
Engines and turbines
Exact sciences and technology
Fractal dimension
HRTEM
Mechanical engineering. Machine design
Nanostructure
Particulates
Reflectance
Root form factor
SIDI engine
Soot
Soot nanostructure
sp2/sp3 Ratio
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Summary:Carbonaceous soot particles from a spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engine are characterized by physical and chemical techniques. Physical characterization included aggregate size and morphology, primary particle size and internal nanostructure, each by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and corresponding image analyses. Chemical characterization included composition and bonding as analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared – Attenuated Total Reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Engine operational conditions included lean, rich, high-load cases and an advanced ignition test, each relative to a reference condition. The aggregates formed for the operational modes with less time for in-cylinder mixing appeared to be more compact with the primary soot particles exhibiting a higher level of tortuous nanostructure. XPS analysis indicated considerable organic matter content while FTIR-ATR confirmed that the organic component was not condensed volatiles but instead matrix bound organics. A small (
ISSN:0010-2180
1556-2921
DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.025