Comparisons of grain size-density trajectory during microwave and conventional sintering of titanium nitride

•Fine TiN powder has been sintered using microwave and conventional sintering methods.•The “relative density/grain size” trajectories have been analyzed for both methods.•An area for further grain refinement by two-step sintering technique is proposed.•Microwave sintering resulted in finer grains (1...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of alloys and compounds 2013-12, Vol.581, p.498-501
Main Authors: Demirskyi, D., Agrawal, D., Ragulya, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Ceramics
Density
Exact sciences and technology
Grain growth
Grain refinement
Grains
Hardness
Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology
Metals. Metallurgy
Microwave heating
Microwave sintering
Microwaves
Sintering
Titanium nitride
Trajectories
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Summary:•Fine TiN powder has been sintered using microwave and conventional sintering methods.•The “relative density/grain size” trajectories have been analyzed for both methods.•An area for further grain refinement by two-step sintering technique is proposed.•Microwave sintering resulted in finer grains (170nm) and higher hardness (20GPa). A broad range of sintering temperatures and hold times had been systematically varied to investigate the “relative density/grain size” trajectories for titanium nitride specimens during microwave and conventional sintering. Fully dense materials with a submicron grain size (around 170nm using microwave sintering and around 240nm using conventional sintering) are achievable using the simple “ramp & hold” approach. Improvement of the mechanical properties, including increase in hardness (from 18 to 20GPa), fracture toughness (from 2.9 to 3.4MPam1/2), was observed due to grain refinement in case of microwave sintering. The area for the future optimization for the sintering schedule for further grain refinement has been proposed.
ISSN:0925-8388
1873-4669
DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.07.159