Cross-flow heat exchangers for anti-freezing of liquid nitrogen

•We propose a cross-flow heat exchanger for subcooling liquid nitrogen.•The possibility of freeze-out is a crucial design issue for long HTS cables.•A two-pass cross-flow heat exchanger is fabricated and experimentally tested.•The cross-flow is effective in reducing the freeze-out risk of liquid nit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cryogenics (Guildford) 2013-10, Vol.57, p.122-128
Main Authors: Chang, Ho-Myung, Gwak, Kyung Hyun, Yang, Hyung Suk, Hwang, Si-Dole
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-freezing
Heat exchanger
Heat exchangers
Helium
Liquid nitrogen
Plate-fin heat exchangers
Plugging
Superconducting cable
Superconductivity
Temperature distribution
Two dimensional
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Summary:•We propose a cross-flow heat exchanger for subcooling liquid nitrogen.•The possibility of freeze-out is a crucial design issue for long HTS cables.•A two-pass cross-flow heat exchanger is fabricated and experimentally tested.•The cross-flow is effective in reducing the freeze-out risk of liquid nitrogen. Cross-flow heat exchangers are proposed and experimentally investigated as an anti-freezing scheme of liquid nitrogen. The possibility of freeze-out of liquid nitrogen is an important design issue in developing long superconducting cables, as the supply temperature of liquid nitrogen is close to its freezing temperature (63.3K). Plate-fin heat exchangers are fabricated as typical counter-flow and newly proposed two-pass cross-flow in laboratory scale, and tested with cold helium gas at temperatures below 60K. The experimental results show that the cross-flow heat exchanger is less vulnerable to the freeze-out condition, since the temperature distribution is basically two-dimensional. The cross-flow heat exchangers are effective in avoiding a complete clog-up of all passages and reducing the risk of freeze-out of liquid nitrogen.
ISSN:0011-2275
1879-2235
DOI:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.06.003