Impaired exploratory eye movements in children with Asperger’s syndrome

• Published in: Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979) 2014-03, Vol.36 (3), p.241-247
• Main Authors: Ohya, Takashi, Morita, Kiichiro, Yamashita, Yushiro, Egami, Chiyomi, Ishii, Youhei, Nagamitsu, Shinichiro, Matsuishi, Toyojiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Asperger Syndrome - physiopathology; Caregivers; Child; Exploratory Behavior; Eye Movement Measurements; Eye Movements; Faculty; Female; Fixation, Ocular; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Male; Neurology; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychomotor Performance; Task Performance and Analysis
• ISSN: 0387-7604; 1872-7131
• DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.04.005

Abstract Objective: Previous eye-tracking studies using an eye mark recorder have reported that disturbances in exploratory eye movements in adult schizophrenic patients are associated with social functioning. The current study sought to determine whether exploratory eye-movement disturbances are present in children with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. Materials/Participants: The participants were 23 children with AS and 23 age-matched TD children. We measured exploratory eye movements using an EMR-8B eye mark recorder and an exploratory eye movement-measuring device. Method: Eye movements were recorded while participants freely observed a geometric figure (free viewing task), and while they complied with the instructions of an experimenter (repeat-comparison task). We assessed eye fixation points (EFPs) and total eye scanning length (TESL) in all tasks, and measured the responsive search score (RSS) in the repeat-comparison task. Results: In the free viewing task, children with AS exhibited significantly shorter TESL compared with TD children. In the repeat-comparison task, children with AS exhibited significantly lower RSS. Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire scores were negatively correlated with both EFP and TESL, but not RSS. Conclusion: The current results revealed that children with AS exhibited dysfunction in exploratory eye movements. Thus, assessing exploratory eye movements in a repeat-comparison task may be useful for detecting social impairment among children with AS.